pacman::p_load(spdep, sfdep, tmap, sf, ClustGeo, ggpubr, cluster, factoextra, NbClust, heatmaply, corrplot, psych, tidyverse, GGally)Prototyping Modules for Shiny App for the Geospatial Analytics Project
10.0 Overview
Our project aims to uncover the rate and distribution of different types of crimes in our neibhouring nation, Malaysia, using the following analysis methods: Exploratory Data Analysis, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and Clustering Analysis. This will help travellers and tourists visiting Malaysia to be more informed on their choice of vacation spots. It could also help policy makers decide where to focus their efforts in handling different types of crimes.
10.0.1 My Responsibilities
My responsibilities include:
Data Preparation
Basic EDA plots of Peninsular Malaysia
ESDA Measures on Peninsular Malaysia
Hierarchical Clustering on Peninsular Malaysia, based on type of crime
10.1 Getting Started
10.1.1 Loading in the packages
For our project, I will be needing a variety of packages, namely:
sf: Used in spatial data wrangling
tidyverse: Used in data wrangling for non-spatial data
tmap: For functions relating to mapping point patterns
sfdep: Functions that support Exploratory Data Analysis and is compatible with the sf and tidyverse packages
corrplot: package to help plot correlation matrices.
cluster, NbClust: packges that will be helpful for our hierarchical clustering needs.
ggpubr, GGally: packages extended on/ based on ggplot2. They provide functions for plots.
10.1.2 Loading in the datasets
For our project, we will be using three datasets:
crime_district.csv is a csv file containing data on crimes in Malaysia at the district level
population_district.csv is a csv file containing data of the population of Malaysia, also at the district level
Malaysia Admin 2 Boundary in shapefile format.
I will be loading them into the R environment using read_csv() function of the readr package for the aspatial data and the st_read() function of the sf package for the geospatial data.
crime_district <- read_csv("data/aspatial/crime_district.csv")Rows: 19152 Columns: 6
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (4): state, district, category, type
dbl (1): crimes
date (1): date
ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.population_district <- read_csv("data/aspatial/population_district.csv")Rows: 319200 Columns: 7
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (5): state, district, sex, age, ethnicity
dbl (1): population
date (1): date
ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.msia_adm2_sf <- st_read(dsn = 'data/geosp', layer = 'mys_admbnda_adm2_unhcr_20210211')Reading layer `mys_admbnda_adm2_unhcr_20210211' from data source
`C:\santhyats\IS415-GAA\Take-Home_Exercises\Take-Home_Ex03\data\geosp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 144 features and 14 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension: XY
Bounding box: xmin: 99.64072 ymin: 0.855001 xmax: 119.2697 ymax: 7.380556
Geodetic CRS: WGS 8410.1.3 Data Wrangling
The crime dataset has rows that have crime data aggregated across all the districts, and across all the crime types. It also contains rows where the data is aggregated over just the crime types. All of these rows are grouped by their dates.
Hence, firstly, I will be formatting the crime data to only include the state names and their respective districts, and remove all the rows that contain aggregated values. Since population data is from 2020-2024, I will only keep the data for the years 2020-2023. All of this will be done using the filter() function.
crime_district <- crime_district %>%
filter(state != "Malaysia") %>%
filter(category == "assault") %>%
filter(district != "All") %>%
filter(type != "all") %>%
filter(year(ymd(date)) >= 2020 & year(ymd(date)) <= 2023)Next, I will format the population data. I will filter the dates to exclude 2024 since we do not have crime data for that year, and once again remove all the rows where data is aggregated over a certain characteristic.
library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)
# population_state_filtered <-
pop_data <- population_district %>%
filter(!year(ymd(date)) == 2024) %>%
filter(sex == 'both' | sex == 'overall' ) %>%
filter(age == 'overall') %>%
filter(ethnicity == 'overall') %>%
select(-c(4:6))As for the boundary sf, I will drop all the columns that are not needed.
adm2_sf <- msia_adm2_sf %>% select(-c(3:5, 8,9,11,12))Next, I used the unique() function on the district columns of all the sf dataframes to see the discrepancies in the district names and district data.
unique(pop_data$district) [1] "Batu Pahat" "Johor Bahru" "Kluang"
[4] "Kota Tinggi" "Kulai" "Mersing"
[7] "Muar" "Pontian" "Segamat"
[10] "Tangkak" "Baling" "Bandar Baharu"
[13] "Kota Setar" "Kuala Muda" "Kubang Pasu"
[16] "Kulim" "Langkawi" "Padang Terap"
[19] "Pendang" "Pokok Sena" "Sik"
[22] "Yan" "Bachok" "Gua Musang"
[25] "Jeli" "Kecil Lojing" "Kota Bharu"
[28] "Kuala Krai" "Machang" "Pasir Mas"
[31] "Pasir Puteh" "Tanah Merah" "Tumpat"
[34] "Alor Gajah" "Jasin" "Melaka Tengah"
[37] "Jelebu" "Jempol" "Kuala Pilah"
[40] "Port Dickson" "Rembau" "Seremban"
[43] "Tampin" "Bentong" "Bera"
[46] "Cameron Highlands" "Jerantut" "Kuantan"
[49] "Lipis" "Maran" "Pekan"
[52] "Raub" "Rompin" "Temerloh"
[55] "Bagan Datuk" "Batang Padang" "Hilir Perak"
[58] "Hulu Perak" "Kampar" "Kerian"
[61] "Kinta" "Kuala Kangsar" "Larut Dan Matang"
[64] "Manjung" "Muallim" "Perak Tengah"
[67] "Selama" "Perlis" "Barat Daya"
[70] "Seberang Perai Selatan" "Seberang Perai Tengah" "Seberang Perai Utara"
[73] "Timur Laut" "Beaufort" "Beluran"
[76] "Kalabakan" "Keningau" "Kinabatangan"
[79] "Kota Belud" "Kota Kinabalu" "Kota Marudu"
[82] "Kuala Penyu" "Kudat" "Kunak"
[85] "Lahad Datu" "Nabawan" "Papar"
[88] "Penampang" "Pitas" "Putatan"
[91] "Ranau" "Sandakan" "Semporna"
[94] "Sipitang" "Tambunan" "Tawau"
[97] "Telupid" "Tenom" "Tongod"
[100] "Tuaran" "Asajaya" "Bau"
[103] "Belaga" "Beluru" "Betong"
[106] "Bintulu" "Bukit Mabong" "Dalat"
[109] "Daro" "Julau" "Kabong"
[112] "Kanowit" "Kapit" "Kuching"
[115] "Lawas" "Limbang" "Lubok Antu"
[118] "Lundu" "Maradong" "Marudi"
[121] "Matu" "Miri" "Mukah"
[124] "Pakan" "Pusa" "Samarahan"
[127] "Saratok" "Sarikei" "Sebauh"
[130] "Selangau" "Serian" "Sibu"
[133] "Simunjan" "Song" "Sri Aman"
[136] "Subis" "Tanjung Manis" "Tatau"
[139] "Tebedu" "Telang Usan" "Gombak"
[142] "Klang" "Kuala Langat" "Kuala Selangor"
[145] "Petaling" "Sabak Bernam" "Sepang"
[148] "Ulu Langat" "Ulu Selangor" "Besut"
[151] "Dungun" "Hulu Terengganu" "Kemaman"
[154] "Kuala Nerus" "Kuala Terengganu" "Marang"
[157] "Setiu" "W.P. Kuala Lumpur" "W.P. Labuan"
[160] "W.P. Putrajaya" "Cameron Highland" "Sp Selatan"
[163] "Sp Tengah" "Sp Utara" unique(adm2_sf$ADM2_EN) [1] "Batu Pahat" "Johor Bahru" "Kluang"
[4] "Kota Tinggi" "Kulaijaya" "Ledang"
[7] "Mersing" "Muar" "Pontian"
[10] "Segamat" "Baling" "Bandar Baharu"
[13] "Kota Setar" "Kuala Muda" "Kubang Pasu"
[16] "Kulim" "Langkawi" "Padang Terap"
[19] "Pendang" "Pokok Sena" "Sik"
[22] "Yan" "Bachok" "Gua Musang"
[25] "Jeli" "Kota Bharu" "Kuala Krai"
[28] "Machang" "Pasir Mas" "Pasir Puteh"
[31] "Tanah Merah" "Tumpat" "WP. Kuala Lumpur"
[34] "W.P. Labuan" "Alor Gajah" "Jasin"
[37] "Melaka Tengah" "Jelebu" "Jempol"
[40] "Kuala Pilah" "Port Dickson" "Rembau"
[43] "Seremban" "Tampin" "Bentong"
[46] "Bera" "Cameron Highlands" "Jerantut"
[49] "Kuantan" "Lipis" "Maran"
[52] "Pekan" "Raub" "Rompin"
[55] "Temerloh" "Batang Padang" "Hilir Perak"
[58] "Ulu Perak" "Kampar" "Kerian"
[61] "Kinta" "Kuala Kangsar" "Larut Dan Matang"
[64] "Manjung (Dinding)" "Perak Tengah" "Perlis"
[67] "Barat Daya" "S.P.Selatan" "S.P. Tengah"
[70] "S.P. Utara" "Timur Laut" "Beaufort"
[73] "Beluran" "Keningau" "Kinabatangan"
[76] "Kota Belud" "Kota Kinabalu" "Kota Marudu"
[79] "Kuala Penyu" "Kudat" "Kunak"
[82] "Lahad Datu" "Nabawan" "Papar"
[85] "Penampang" "Pitas" "Putatan"
[88] "Ranau" "Sandakan" "Semporna"
[91] "Sipitang" "Tambunan" "Tawau"
[94] "Tenom" "Tongod" "Tuaran"
[97] "Asajaya" "Bau" "Belaga"
[100] "Betong" "Bintulu" "Dalat"
[103] "Daro" "Julau" "Kanowit"
[106] "Kapit" "Kuching" "Lawas"
[109] "Limbang" "Lubok Antu" "Lundu"
[112] "Marudi" "Matu" "Meradong"
[115] "Miri" "Mukah" "Pakan"
[118] "Samarahan" "Saratok" "Sarikei"
[121] "Selangau" "Serian" "Sibu"
[124] "Simunjan" "Song" "Sri Aman"
[127] "Tatau" "Besut" "Dungun"
[130] "Hulu Terengganu" "Kemaman" "Kuala Terengganu"
[133] "Marang" "Setiu" "W.P. Putrajaya"
[136] "Gombak" "Ulu Langat" "Ulu Selangor"
[139] "Klang" "Kuala Langat" "Kuala Selangor"
[142] "Petaling" "Sabak Bernam" "Sepang" unique(crime_district$district) [1] "Batu Pahat" "Iskandar Puteri" "Johor Bahru Selatan"
[4] "Johor Bahru Utara" "Kluang" "Kota Tinggi"
[7] "Kulaijaya" "Ledang" "Mersing"
[10] "Muar" "Nusajaya" "Pontian"
[13] "Segamat" "Seri Alam" "Baling"
[16] "Bandar Baharu" "Kota Setar" "Kuala Muda"
[19] "Kubang Pasu" "Kulim" "Langkawi"
[22] "Padang Terap" "Pendang" "Sik"
[25] "Yan" "Bachok" "Gua Musang"
[28] "Jeli" "Kota Bharu" "Kuala Krai"
[31] "Machang" "Pasir Mas" "Pasir Puteh"
[34] "Tanah Merah" "Tumpat" "Alor Gajah"
[37] "Jasin" "Melaka Tengah" "Jelebu"
[40] "Jempol" "Kuala Pilah" "Nilai"
[43] "Port Dickson" "Rembau" "Seremban"
[46] "Tampin" "Bentong" "Bera"
[49] "Cameron Highlands" "Jerantut" "Kuala Lipis"
[52] "Kuantan" "Maran" "Pekan"
[55] "Raub" "Rompin" "Temerloh"
[58] "Batu Gajah" "Gerik" "Hilir Perak"
[61] "Ipoh" "Kampar" "Kerian"
[64] "Kuala Kangsar" "Manjung" "Pengkalan Hulu"
[67] "Perak Tengah" "Selama" "Sungai Siput"
[70] "Taiping" "Tanjong Malim" "Tapah"
[73] "Arau" "Kangar" "Padang Besar"
[76] "Barat Daya" "Seberang Perai Selatan" "Seberang Perai Tengah"
[79] "Seberang Perai Utara" "Timur Laut" "Beaufort"
[82] "Beluran" "Keningau" "Kota Belud"
[85] "Kota Kinabalu" "Kota Kinabatangan" "Kota Marudu"
[88] "Kudat" "Kunak" "Lahad Datu"
[91] "Papar" "Penampang" "Ranau"
[94] "Sandakan" "Semporna" "Sipitang"
[97] "Tawau" "Tenom" "Tuaran"
[100] "W.P. Labuan" "Bau" "Belaga"
[103] "Betong" "Bintulu" "Dalat"
[106] "Julau" "Kanowit" "Kapit"
[109] "Kota Samarahan" "Kuching" "Lawas"
[112] "Limbang" "Lubok Antu" "Lundu"
[115] "Marudi" "Matu Daro" "Meradong"
[118] "Miri" "Mukah" "Padawan"
[121] "Saratok" "Sarikei" "Serian"
[124] "Sibu" "Simunjan" "Song"
[127] "Sri Aman" "Tatau" "Ampang Jaya"
[130] "Gombak" "Hulu Selangor" "Kajang"
[133] "Klang Selatan" "Klang Utara" "Kuala Langat"
[136] "Kuala Selangor" "Petaling Jaya" "Sabak Bernam"
[139] "Sepang" "Serdang" "Sg. Buloh"
[142] "Shah Alam" "Subang Jaya" "Sungai Buloh"
[145] "Besut" "Dungun" "Hulu Terengganu"
[148] "Kemaman" "Kuala Terengganu" "Marang"
[151] "Setiu" "Brickfields" "Cheras"
[154] "Dang Wangi" "Sentul" "W.P. Putrajaya"
[157] "Wangsa Maju" As expected, all the dataframes contained different numbers of districts. There were also other issues such as differing spelling/naming conventions, splitting of districts into north/south regions, and districts missing from the boundary sf that were present in the aspatial datasets.
As little can be done in salvaging districts that were not present in the boundary layer, I decided to handle the other forms of discrepancies.
First, I will convert all the district names to lowercase letters to eliminate any errors on that front, and to standardise the naming conventions.
crime_district$district <- tolower(trimws(crime_district$district))
adm2_sf$ADM2_EN <- tolower(trimws(adm2_sf$ADM2_EN))
pop_data$district <- tolower(trimws(pop_data$district))Since our main focus was crime data and it was the dataframe that will be mutually connected to both the boundary layer and the population data (phrase better), we will use the districts in the crime dataframe as a guide to formatting the other tables.
We first started off by handling the very obvious differences that could be observed through visual inspection as well as through the use of the unique function. We noticed that 2 districts, Johor Bahru and Klang, were split up in the crime dataframe. Hence, we merged these rows and summed up their crime number values.
str_detect() function of the stringr package was used to identify rows that contained the given input string. In our case, it was the district name. mutate() was then used to change the values of these rows. Since this produces a new dataframe, another dataframe was created with the rest of the values, before all three were bound together.
library(stringr)
crime_johor<- crime_district %>%
filter(str_detect(district,"johor bahru")) %>%
mutate(district = 'johor bahru') %>%
group_by(state, district,type, date) %>%
summarise(crimes = sum(crimes))`summarise()` has grouped output by 'state', 'district', 'type'. You can
override using the `.groups` argument.crime_klang<- crime_district %>%
filter(str_detect(district,"klang")) %>%
mutate(district = 'klang') %>%
group_by(state, district,type, date) %>%
summarise(crimes = sum(crimes))`summarise()` has grouped output by 'state', 'district', 'type'. You can
override using the `.groups` argument.other_rows <- crime_district %>%
filter(!str_detect(district, "johor bahru"))
crime_district <- bind_rows(crime_johor, crime_klang, other_rows) %>%
select(-c(6)) %>%
mutate(category = 'assault') Upon further examination, there were more discrepancies that I found so I sought to change them.
crime_district<- crime_district%>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "cameron highland", "cameron highlands", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "kuala lipis", "lipis", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "kota kinabatangan", "kinabatangan", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "seberang perai tengah", "s.p. tengah", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "seberang perai utara", "s.p. utara", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "seberang perai selatan", "s.p.selatan", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "petaling jaya", "petaling", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "matu daro", "matu", district)) %>%
mutate(state = ifelse(district == "w.p. labuan", "Sabah", state))
pop_data <- pop_data %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "kulai", "kulaijaya", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "sp tengah", "s.p. tengah", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "sp utara", "s.p. utara", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "sp selatan", "s.p.selatan", district)) %>%
mutate(district = ifelse(district == "cameron highland", "cameron highlands", district))
adm2_sf <- adm2_sf %>%
mutate(ADM1_EN = ifelse(ADM2_EN == "w.p. labuan", "Sabah", ADM1_EN))pop_crime<- left_join(pop_data, crime_district, by= "district")Warning in left_join(pop_data, crime_district, by = "district"): Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
ℹ Row 57 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
"many-to-many"` to silence this warning.pop_crime_na<- pop_crime[rowSums(is.na(pop_crime)) > 0,]
drop_list_pop <- pop_crime_na$district
pop_data <- pop_data %>%
filter(!(district %in% drop_list_pop))
pop_crime2<-left_join(crime_district, pop_data, by="district")Warning in left_join(crime_district, pop_data, by = "district"): Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
ℹ Row 2 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
"many-to-many"` to silence this warning.pop_crime_na2 <-pop_crime2[rowSums(is.na(pop_crime2)) > 0,]
drop_list_pop <- pop_crime_na2$district
crime_district <- crime_district %>%
filter(!(district %in% drop_list_pop))Next, I will left join the boundary and the population dataframes to the crime dataframe and vice versa, and remove all the rows that do not match.
adm_crime <- left_join(adm2_sf, crime_district, by= c("ADM2_EN" = "district"))
adm_crime_na <- adm_crime[rowSums(is.na(adm_crime)) > 0,]
drop_list <- adm_crime_na$ADM2_EN
adm2_sf <- adm2_sf %>%
filter(!(ADM2_EN %in% drop_list))
adm_crime2 <- left_join(crime_district, adm2_sf, by= c("district" = "ADM2_EN"))
adm_crime_na2 <- adm_crime2[rowSums(is.na(adm_crime2)) > 0,]
drop_list <- adm_crime_na2$district
crime_district <- crime_district %>%
filter(!(district %in% drop_list))Finally, we then calculated a ratio that is representative of the crime rate in each district by dividing the number of crimes in each district by the population figures for that district and multiplying this by 1000. We then added a new column to the boundary sf and the crime_rate sf to indicate if the district belonged to the West or Peninsular region of Malaysia. Since the West and Peninsular regions are not connected by admin borders, we would have to process these regions separately for our analysis.
crime_distict <- crime_district %>% ungroup()
rate_crime_district <- crime_district %>%
left_join(pop_data, by = c("district", "state", "date")) %>%
mutate(crime_rate = (crimes / population) * 1000)
# assigning Penisular , East region
rate_crime_district <- rate_crime_district %>%
mutate(region = case_when(
state %in% c("Sabah", "Sarawak") ~ "East",
TRUE ~ "Peninsular"
))
adm2_sf <- adm2_sf %>%
mutate(region = case_when(
ADM1_EN %in% c("Sabah", "Sarawak") ~ "East",
TRUE ~ "Peninsular"))
crime_boundary <- left_join(crime_district, adm2_sf, by = c("district" = "ADM2_EN")) %>%
select(-c(7:12))
write_rds(crime_boundary, "data/rds/crime_boundary.rds")
crime_boundary<- crime_boundary %>%
ungroup()
rate_crime_district_bound <- left_join(rate_crime_district, adm2_sf, by = c("district" = "ADM2_EN")) %>%
select(-c(10:15))
pop_data <- pop_data %>% ungroup()
adm2_sf <- adm2_sf %>% ungroup()
rate_crime_district <- rate_crime_district %>% ungroup()
crime_distict <- crime_district %>% ungroup()
rate_crime_district_bound<- rate_crime_district_bound %>% ungroup()Finally, I will write them into rds files for easier access.
write_rds(pop_data, "data/rds/pop_data.rds")
write_rds(crime_district, "data/rds/crime_district.rds")
write_rds(adm2_sf, "data/rds/adm2_sf.rds")
write_rds(rate_crime_district, "data/rds/rate_crime_district.rds")
write_rds(crime_boundary, "data/rds/crime_boundary.rds")
write_rds(rate_crime_district_bound, "data/rds/rate_crime_district_bounds.rds")pop_data<- read_rds("data/rds/pop_data.rds")
crime_district <- read_rds("data/rds/crime_district.rds")
adm2_sf <- read_rds("data/rds/adm2_sf.rds")
rate_crime_district<-read_rds("data/rds/rate_crime_district.rds")
crime_boundary <- read_rds("data/rds/crime_boundary.rds")
rate_crime_district_bound <- read_rds("data/rds/rate_crime_district_bounds.rds")10.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
10.2.1 Interactive Choropleth Map
For our EDA portion, I will be plotting an interactive choropleth map.
crime_boundary_west <- crime_boundary %>% filter(region == "Peninsular")
crime_boundary_west <- st_as_sf(crime_boundary_west)
crime_boundary_west <- st_transform(crime_boundary_west, 3375)This is the back-end code chunk used to generate the choropleth map. Functions of the tmap package was used to achieve this.
crime_types <- unique(crime_boundary_west$type)
for (crime in crime_types) {
crime_data <- crime_boundary_west %>% filter(type == crime)
tmap_mode("view")
map <- tm_shape(crime_data) +
tm_polygons("crimes", title = paste("Crimes -", crime),
style = "quantile", palette = "Reds") +
tm_layout(title = paste("Choropleth Map for", crime),
legend.outside = TRUE)
print(map)
}tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
tmap mode set to interactive viewing10.2.1.1 Shiny Board
Users can input the type of crime, classification method, number of classes, colour scheme and the transparency of the map. As the user input the different fields, the interactive map will be automatically updated on the main panel.
Hovering over the areas will reveal the name of the district, while a click will reveal the raw crime numbers for the district. It is to be noted that these figures are aggregated figures over the 4-year time period of our dataset.
10.3 Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA)
For ESDA, I will be focusing on the Global and Local Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation. Namely, I will be using Global Moran I’s Statistic for the Global Measure, and Local Moran I’s and Lisa Plots for the Local Measures.
10.3.1 Global Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation
Below is a sample code that was used in the back-end to generate the Global Moran I statistics. st_contiguity() and st_weight() functions of the sfdep package were used to generate the weights matrix for the districts. Subsequently, global_moran_test(), also from the same package, was used to generate the Global Moran I statistic. The results were saved in a dataframe format.
crime_data <- crime_boundary_west %>%
filter((year(ymd(date.x))) == 2020 & type == "murder")
nb<- crime_data %>%
st_contiguity(crime_data$geometry, queen = TRUE)
nb[17]<- as.integer(19) #handle case for langkawi, which is not connected to the others by admin boundary
crime_data_wm <- crime_data %>%
mutate(nb = nb, .before = 1) %>%
mutate(wt = st_weights(nb, style = 'W'),
.before = 1) %>%
select(1,2)
global_moran <- global_moran_test(crime_data$crimes,
crime_data_wm$nb,
crime_data_wm$wt)
moran_results <- data.frame(
Statistic = "Global Moran's I",
Moran_I = global_moran$estimate[1],
Expectation = global_moran$estimate[2],
Variance = global_moran$estimate[3],
P_value = global_moran$p.value
)
moran_results Statistic Moran_I Expectation Variance P_value
Moran I statistic Global Moran's I 0.1829003 -0.01333333 0.006630579 0.0079786Since the statistics were going to be published on a web app, I wanted to present them in a more user-friendly and polished format. I used the gt package, a package that specifically supports the creation of neater tables in R, to format our newly created dataframe of the Global Moran I Statistic in a neat table format.
library(gt)
moran_results_gt <- moran_results %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(
title = "Global Moran's I Test Results",
subtitle = "Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis"
) %>%
fmt_number(
columns = c(Moran_I, Expectation, Variance, P_value),
decimals = 7
) %>%
cols_label(
Statistic = "Statistic",
Moran_I = "Moran's I",
Expectation = "Expected Value",
Variance = "Variance",
P_value = "P-value"
) %>%
tab_source_note(
source_note = "Results generated using global_moran_test() function"
)
moran_results_gt| Global Moran's I Test Results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis | ||||
| Statistic | Moran's I | Expected Value | Variance | P-value |
| Global Moran's I | 0.1829003 | −0.0133333 | 0.0066306 | 0.0079786 |
| Results generated using global_moran_test() function | ||||
10.3.1.1 Shiny Board
This is the view on the Shiny Dashboard. Users can input the year, type of crime, contiguity method, and their weights calculation style. The Global Moran I Statistics table will be generated when the user clicks the “Generate Statistics” button.
10.3.2 Local Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation
For the Local Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation, Local Moran I and LISA plots were generated. Functions of the sfdep and tmap packages were once again used to achieve this task. Since Langkawi is an island of Peninsular Malaysia, I manually set a neighbour for it. Below are sample code chunks used in the back-end for the Shiny App.
crime_data <- crime_boundary_west %>%
filter((year(ymd(date.x))) == 2022 & type == "rape")
nb<- crime_data %>%
st_contiguity(crime_data$geometry, queen = TRUE)
nb[17]<- as.integer(19) #handle case for langkawi, which is not connected to the others by admin boundary
crime_data_wm <- crime_data %>%
mutate(nb = nb, .before = 1) %>%
mutate(wt = st_weights(nb, style = 'W'),
.before = 1) %>%
select(1,2)lisa <- crime_data %>%
mutate(local_moran = local_moran(crime_data$crimes, crime_data_wm$nb, crime_data_wm$wt, nsim = 99), .before = 1) %>%
unnest(local_moran)
lisa <- lisa %>%
rename("local moran(ii)" = "ii", "expectation (eii)" = "eii",
"variance(var_ii)" = "var_ii", "std deviation(z_ii)" = "z_ii",
"p_value" = "p_ii")
lisa_sig <- lisa %>%
filter(p_value < 0.95) tmap_mode("plot") +
tm_shape(lisa) +
tm_fill("local moran(ii)") +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.5) +
tm_view(set.zoom.limits = c(6,8)) +
tm_layout(main.title = "2017",
main.title.size= 1)tmap mode set to plottingVariable(s) "local moran(ii)" contains positive and negative values, so midpoint is set to 0. Set midpoint = NA to show the full spectrum of the color palette.
tmap_mode("plot")tmap mode set to plottingtm_shape(lisa) +
tm_polygons() +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.5) +
tm_shape(lisa_sig) +
tm_fill(col = "mean",
palette = "-RdBu") +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.4)Warning: One tm layer group has duplicated layer types, which are omitted. To
draw multiple layers of the same type, use multiple layer groups (i.e. specify
tm_shape prior to each of them).
10.3.2.1 Shiny Board
Users will be able to choose the year, crime type, contiguity method, weights calculation method and the number of simulations for the generation of the Local Moran I’s plot. As for the LISA plot, they will be able to choose the confidence level, classification type and the statistic. The maps will be updated with the click of the “Update Plot” button.
10.4 Clustering Analysis - Hierarchical Clustering
In order to derive the hierarchical cluster dendrograms, I will first need to reformat the data. I will convert the types of crimes to separate columns.
ci <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "causing_injury") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`causing_injury`= `crime_rate`)
mr <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "murder") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`murder`= `crime_rate`)
rp <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "rape") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`rape`= `crime_rate`)
rga <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "robbery_gang_armed") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`robbery_gang_armed`= `crime_rate`)
rgu <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "robbery_gang_unarmed") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`robbery_gang_unarmed`= `crime_rate`)
rsa <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "robbery_solo_armed") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`robbery_solo_armed`= `crime_rate`)
rsu <- rate_crime_district_bound %>%
filter(type == "robbery_solo_unarmed") %>%
select(-c(3, 5:7, 11)) %>%
rename(`robbery_solo_unarmed`= `crime_rate`)rate_crime_prep <- ci%>%
mutate(murder = mr$murder, .before = 5) %>%
mutate(rape = rp$rape, .before = 6) %>%
mutate(robbery_gang_armed = rga$robbery_gang_armed, .before = 7) %>%
mutate(robbery_gang_unarmed = rgu$robbery_gang_unarmed, .before = 8) %>%
mutate(robbery_solo_armed = rsa$robbery_solo_armed, .before = 9) %>%
mutate(robbery_solo_unarmed = rsu$robbery_solo_unarmed, .before = 10)
write_rds(rate_crime_prep, "data/rds/rate_crime_prep.rds")rate_crime_prep <- read_rds("data/rds/rate_crime_prep.rds")I will then standardise the data in order to be used for our Heat Map Plot later on.
rate_crime_data <- rate_crime_prep %>%
filter(year(ymd(date.x)) == 2020)
rate_crime_data <- as.data.frame(rate_crime_data)
row.names(rate_crime_data) <- rate_crime_data$district
rate_crime_data<- rate_crime_data %>%
select(-c(2))
rate_crime_data.std <- normalize(rate_crime_data)
summary(rate_crime_data.std) state date.x causing_injury murder
Length:121 Min. :2020-01-01 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.00000
Class :character 1st Qu.:2020-01-01 1st Qu.:0.1287 1st Qu.:0.00000
Mode :character Median :2020-01-01 Median :0.2442 Median :0.05888
Mean :2020-01-01 Mean :0.2667 Mean :0.13850
3rd Qu.:2020-01-01 3rd Qu.:0.3717 3rd Qu.:0.19572
Max. :2020-01-01 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.00000
NA's :5 NA's :5
rape robbery_gang_armed robbery_gang_unarmed robbery_solo_armed
Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.00000 Min. :0.000000
1st Qu.:0.2060 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.06345 1st Qu.:0.000000
Median :0.3033 Median :0.0000 Median :0.17331 Median :0.000000
Mean :0.3580 Mean :0.0189 Mean :0.22341 Mean :0.008621
3rd Qu.:0.5034 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.:0.32819 3rd Qu.:0.000000
Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.00000 Max. :1.000000
NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5 NA's :5
robbery_solo_unarmed region.x geometry
Min. :0.00000 Length:121 MULTIPOLYGON :121
1st Qu.:0.04055 Class :character epsg:4326 : 0
Median :0.12243 Mode :character +proj=long...: 0
Mean :0.16848
3rd Qu.:0.24900
Max. :1.00000
NA's :5 Using dist() function of the stats package, I derived the proximity matrix.
rate_crime_data_numeric <- rate_crime_data %>% select(where(is.numeric))
rate_crime_data_numeric <- rate_crime_data_numeric %>% drop_na()
proxmat <- dist(rate_crime_data_numeric, method = 'euclidean')
proxmat johor bahru klang batu pahat kluang kota tinggi
klang 205.01466
batu pahat 48.93894 243.68056
kluang 54.93991 197.25739 73.73835
kota tinggi 97.53143 258.18365 74.16264 74.11704
kulaijaya 62.94081 218.67139 89.58308 104.92954 151.15038
mersing 130.49838 239.55735 116.99732 88.00535 70.24913
muar 74.22445 276.95160 45.63030 93.75958 85.99679
pontian 53.57882 235.70995 46.16341 67.31718 94.49351
segamat 45.97427 230.33312 32.58981 72.24282 94.46931
baling 88.92262 289.25661 53.40343 100.72820 76.73750
bandar baharu 131.32547 322.44303 107.01556 164.66658 163.96454
kota setar 108.80736 258.49200 84.65188 81.34642 18.42911
kuala muda 54.92969 163.03828 87.19165 39.33185 105.50836
kubang pasu 82.28142 248.66246 73.03330 52.22378 49.45793
kulim 77.21953 216.79013 84.61529 30.57603 56.66957
langkawi 269.68077 344.10306 249.53351 224.75450 186.48222
padang terap 142.22750 321.29835 107.79462 128.35033 88.50822
pendang 99.86536 238.43671 84.14103 77.18655 87.25817
sik 118.79409 309.07935 107.74485 162.11816 169.79179
yan 135.15002 332.28728 102.08702 168.84910 154.38420
bachok 132.51207 287.97604 112.48278 101.70011 46.90493
gua musang 141.91004 290.44874 122.61515 106.25588 76.32126
jeli 108.42758 311.96437 83.25887 127.48841 110.90386
kota bharu 54.49865 247.69093 26.32810 92.70149 100.10768
kuala krai 153.52694 315.86628 126.11883 125.39035 80.97858
machang 79.84532 257.82229 64.33521 62.75353 61.05459
pasir mas 111.33657 269.71923 95.62269 82.59694 34.50368
pasir puteh 174.70408 270.51010 157.01648 131.30013 103.44373
tanah merah 128.46184 285.56055 99.66275 101.76899 68.59981
tumpat 85.54120 263.15616 58.89548 108.82395 117.20748
alor gajah 124.72502 295.57224 95.89838 107.02576 40.04081
jasin 114.80277 289.02145 87.61529 94.48978 41.07832
melaka tengah 87.12015 179.08029 92.93433 64.13261 89.49993
jelebu 54.21057 243.89235 55.56322 79.14029 106.98680
jempol 251.42144 307.52881 241.66024 203.85202 173.15442
kuala pilah 130.02984 295.60043 93.42605 110.64170 56.61075
port dickson 232.25694 308.97753 227.67842 186.92820 156.97170
rembau 114.60554 226.05692 112.26819 78.78171 105.65696
seremban 30.02136 215.22528 29.56661 58.60731 85.48480
tampin 98.12506 292.73112 65.84496 121.41866 116.34060
bentong 74.28374 209.08602 79.86001 27.26714 54.41464
bera 130.78312 307.31767 99.12667 112.35585 63.27315
cameron highlands 96.27840 293.84940 69.80850 111.60614 83.47027
jerantut 123.57428 303.38206 103.18864 133.81764 139.09311
lipis 99.59933 295.09793 77.82509 123.47224 126.38835
kuantan 42.81230 236.39254 21.95498 64.77264 81.14722
maran 94.19643 280.20887 81.73624 117.70771 133.59590
pekan 124.39960 308.02308 100.74945 132.92935 132.36936
raub 122.79886 319.44210 91.06182 126.57981 84.86287
rompin 142.18266 274.57350 129.91494 99.30280 85.62553
temerloh 143.79897 282.96776 110.87281 119.10692 63.72588
hilir perak 340.08375 335.17579 345.93539 292.14254 281.70552
kampar 41.76615 208.70063 69.80811 78.47627 124.66608
kerian 68.41085 244.59809 63.02343 54.14910 47.17948
kuala kangsar 67.59397 263.15836 63.87266 103.41734 123.35449
perak tengah 104.22002 289.00211 78.64045 92.02424 60.20302
barat daya 82.60630 280.62162 39.26300 102.01777 84.19751
timur laut 144.46086 171.78364 155.86113 110.62337 124.27991
beaufort 144.01747 340.00180 113.82892 170.36812 159.49821
beluran 155.12845 336.77928 123.61714 155.83314 137.09880
keningau 123.66799 323.57294 85.50272 147.04478 124.78398
kota belud 120.45621 314.99882 86.29231 124.36928 99.23704
kota kinabalu 76.56845 273.88444 33.93089 92.90519 76.89951
kinabatangan 124.90299 326.83302 96.10846 146.14000 130.87848
kota marudu 172.46905 344.55404 142.45319 170.54349 155.43773
kudat 120.70336 323.95311 94.69537 145.84188 133.29462
kunak 128.78262 319.36862 107.81014 162.28038 164.97847
lahad datu 120.01911 319.85670 93.57725 150.38438 143.24381
papar 152.00817 319.43058 119.39431 133.73866 101.64346
penampang 130.58838 319.64921 98.25549 139.28528 125.22111
ranau 126.79329 326.36023 94.26946 135.05688 107.75466
sandakan 105.93329 308.43575 75.79527 137.15279 126.27636
semporna 108.58691 306.35298 77.81838 114.39933 91.17734
sipitang 134.52348 331.60793 99.99712 159.41567 144.13276
tawau 111.33253 311.09960 78.66021 145.97836 133.18766
tenom 143.32993 341.88507 115.63187 169.60531 158.24182
tuaran 137.17838 332.47719 108.10519 160.40095 151.31702
bau 124.49855 316.25818 96.32386 134.27110 124.41531
belaga 218.51784 350.58147 205.03565 189.84877 141.17660
betong 102.44660 263.37239 90.27095 78.18524 41.44112
bintulu 111.65717 302.82646 84.82183 109.01823 68.25398
dalat 126.96256 324.61555 94.55730 130.87785 99.43482
julau 171.61888 334.81776 142.34777 149.31517 118.44242
kanowit 135.01820 301.17357 113.47545 125.27164 123.64059
kapit 147.02393 323.98740 122.66399 131.51141 79.66130
kuching 47.37604 219.61460 43.71971 45.22744 54.30602
lawas 134.76475 325.81590 96.78518 145.71075 124.25415
limbang 106.89813 305.06992 79.59538 113.74742 94.76348
lubok antu 206.57827 316.13589 193.90294 159.36534 130.42111
lundu 112.56190 285.03203 85.12490 90.83616 39.83546
marudi 281.61993 351.31117 273.07088 229.97141 206.97449
matu 157.21199 349.60576 130.50117 182.91492 176.06618
miri 153.69881 221.37966 156.09141 101.66968 102.36811
mukah 113.58402 306.02612 81.34549 130.30933 121.54793
saratok 132.82133 322.18158 103.07379 125.40391 81.99679
sarikei 131.62976 292.93606 111.35334 117.65366 60.03327
serian 115.61607 316.73335 93.92037 144.67925 139.96938
sibu 120.06945 148.59667 136.37898 90.15969 122.36513
simunjan 175.46609 345.03315 143.33381 181.61799 170.32668
song 185.34514 334.32880 161.37921 150.84828 103.97177
sri aman 178.84497 346.50040 149.26147 172.51868 157.65228
tatau 117.42148 320.13439 78.51514 138.53761 111.49651
gombak 149.06104 112.44794 171.67086 142.61154 179.24902
kuala langat 117.91651 159.25981 136.13810 73.35972 119.40074
kuala selangor 58.37676 218.15981 66.68574 21.72942 62.60162
petaling 59.71474 200.46800 73.89872 104.05940 135.60512
sabak bernam 162.51980 215.12618 152.84185 135.72594 129.33434
sepang 91.95354 150.35729 110.77534 69.44256 117.45991
besut 94.73177 254.12940 85.65620 75.17481 92.65537
dungun 115.20557 303.29849 86.52361 139.45211 138.25467
hulu terengganu 117.78309 263.51365 106.76252 82.25747 42.68130
kemaman 70.72643 265.41999 50.63818 73.64162 68.86057
kuala terengganu 147.48130 260.91983 128.66032 111.11886 65.25463
marang 59.98348 252.27350 34.13308 63.29520 51.71188
setiu 135.75308 325.48430 97.09423 147.98171 127.08211
kulaijaya mersing muar pontian segamat baling
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing 180.21220
muar 96.48284 136.42460
pontian 74.12955 117.23152 55.32102
segamat 69.05737 122.34582 58.89138 28.74519
baling 116.38763 130.49514 20.63925 68.50011 71.67826
bandar baharu 114.33015 202.99142 83.74770 101.91312 103.67014 92.30831
kota setar 162.89488 56.95013 100.01965 103.30803 102.99180 90.14399
kuala muda 96.57517 109.05908 116.93966 79.35706 77.20377 127.50294
kubang pasu 125.25362 81.89810 70.79068 68.98545 80.73639 69.07677
kulim 129.92037 76.04966 97.61034 84.87286 91.82787 99.12778
langkawi 317.91997 141.83325 260.52362 253.04334 257.76095 247.70574
padang terap 170.97978 114.32139 86.38722 105.29350 118.08368 71.43089
pendang 130.98912 70.37255 99.67268 63.51613 74.64521 100.53757
sik 96.61995 217.76059 86.43228 110.04632 107.93588 100.13610
yan 131.18257 200.40979 81.27793 112.12989 108.71256 84.10673
bachok 180.97534 86.53060 107.60804 124.50308 130.69823 94.80774
gua musang 177.57490 83.15278 113.35700 116.92206 128.29510 103.26957
jeli 122.10248 166.06433 39.91930 91.31663 97.65305 39.22281
kota bharu 77.72939 139.45177 52.58922 50.21078 32.68334 64.82141
kuala krai 189.82665 97.29424 110.98243 124.64468 137.07015 96.53006
machang 114.49725 94.22708 54.27306 54.44881 68.97674 53.98567
pasir mas 163.36848 83.76387 94.87781 109.19615 115.38324 85.18166
pasir puteh 220.35276 49.20880 171.78165 157.01535 161.31212 162.67850
tanah merah 164.62330 70.02081 97.16708 94.02108 105.21419 86.73690
tumpat 90.68313 139.62105 66.75555 45.67929 44.81812 76.18322
alor gajah 173.17381 98.42602 90.92294 117.37057 119.72699 75.19407
jasin 158.73298 91.36983 77.14104 99.10400 106.36209 62.81857
melaka tengah 138.24217 77.69585 131.31191 100.42436 93.00660 134.66939
jelebu 55.68521 141.62124 48.77093 36.36848 40.57454 66.73438
jempol 306.81765 136.71117 255.90514 249.38143 253.67689 245.28636
kuala pilah 171.93171 77.07010 93.62477 102.48386 108.19614 78.80800
port dickson 287.37297 148.17288 233.31543 237.40121 243.50836 223.23847
rembau 142.56148 73.15362 123.95845 84.10630 99.61581 126.41505
seremban 76.20306 114.70297 67.84119 41.90001 25.94003 79.11648
tampin 100.18360 153.95233 44.60298 62.02894 64.01689 51.53081
bentong 128.54065 67.88184 100.18581 82.81484 85.77204 101.74832
bera 168.73661 99.38425 82.54931 104.28946 114.88171 66.34048
cameron highlands 125.63905 148.96069 47.66184 96.81679 92.40893 41.44889
jerantut 116.74193 161.42310 77.20765 75.33420 92.65193 83.15981
lipis 95.27197 164.76280 46.05340 64.86383 74.89558 57.40468
kuantan 77.78318 114.83767 46.03033 24.59376 20.03777 58.00809
maran 81.28070 164.22745 59.02841 55.95974 69.58337 73.62031
pekan 122.37246 157.18818 72.05921 76.77606 93.71376 75.48551
raub 152.80304 145.61174 59.73159 108.97519 112.82135 43.07752
rompin 180.40516 69.27006 125.78492 116.54543 133.01262 118.94908
temerloh 191.26854 61.75746 126.68677 126.79106 124.52821 114.05725
hilir perak 393.75081 254.26542 360.49282 352.62504 356.67178 353.59287
kampar 31.78798 152.96054 84.26651 58.71273 49.12876 101.95407
kerian 120.44082 99.95239 65.90743 76.58813 81.30517 65.80875
kuala kangsar 60.56616 163.95949 46.24267 53.04381 58.43415 66.34544
perak tengah 138.65867 108.08415 55.63831 82.51348 92.85079 43.83613
barat daya 108.47294 129.78065 30.09475 57.95515 56.25321 29.51760
timur laut 199.17765 104.13767 189.20560 167.43891 162.14927 189.51266
beaufort 134.96415 199.65807 83.63235 110.28836 114.83985 86.30819
beluran 157.44294 162.25435 95.28402 111.19239 120.40280 89.45932
keningau 129.09678 172.29925 58.09606 96.54757 94.22471 54.81978
kota belud 137.04148 139.92890 51.45594 84.25693 94.50350 40.89677
kota kinabalu 104.33760 122.77159 26.20261 52.15393 49.94705 26.53055
kinabatangan 125.87180 180.03379 55.22016 98.24973 103.14056 55.35152
kota marudu 171.18409 170.68287 118.35496 125.10175 135.12039 113.70126
kudat 122.35725 184.43099 54.21857 98.51185 103.88566 57.11887
kunak 108.98480 204.08193 82.72354 100.01791 103.24066 92.82320
lahad datu 112.45814 190.11865 61.00471 95.20044 96.86667 67.68180
papar 177.15682 109.67862 103.68872 109.34883 123.03553 91.89462
penampang 135.67212 154.43349 69.50247 85.07490 97.65273 66.93914
ranau 143.26486 155.55248 53.89107 97.19590 106.96507 42.95069
sandakan 109.37576 176.01233 46.64813 85.72250 85.34695 52.67762
semporna 128.76070 139.11160 38.13489 79.88746 89.80605 27.51617
sipitang 132.59624 184.74911 72.60264 100.77521 103.71713 73.10492
tawau 113.33077 182.69332 59.24731 93.95885 88.23434 64.09483
tenom 132.59309 203.99533 80.24407 114.82838 117.68562 82.95503
tuaran 128.34822 190.20583 75.67449 101.16724 107.30841 78.70905
bau 127.96035 157.44792 61.61208 81.70089 96.06946 61.33618
belaga 269.50000 172.97408 196.81487 223.34464 228.52842 183.44866
betong 150.64735 97.06751 89.21179 106.55381 107.99754 81.88076
bintulu 148.19884 129.71731 59.10280 101.62588 107.13197 44.58685
dalat 148.06923 147.93719 56.07570 98.85775 109.01177 42.28470
julau 196.01902 122.12770 122.83197 129.41501 146.00035 111.07414
kanowit 143.68758 131.08135 93.53623 84.56670 105.39467 92.51226
kapit 188.13947 132.21383 101.45282 137.10458 144.95017 85.88685
kuching 107.80101 94.64753 74.40676 67.08137 60.92950 78.25583
lawas 143.13615 155.60330 71.80221 91.75805 99.87735 66.10741
limbang 126.17691 142.76745 37.78569 79.55848 91.30682 31.02958
lubok antu 250.53378 108.55036 189.44678 188.89564 202.56192 178.53098
lundu 157.03767 84.23742 77.01699 94.08621 102.80221 63.53829
marudi 326.88762 171.33248 273.07375 267.54754 280.27883 262.57997
matu 141.80492 213.31200 99.22705 121.47019 128.15333 103.07625
miri 205.52077 62.22993 173.91152 155.55504 161.37478 170.09006
mukah 116.81045 154.84861 55.16574 71.15791 80.31050 57.44237
saratok 165.19967 132.93893 73.09220 111.98152 121.82684 56.46837
sarikei 185.12666 119.86353 111.40149 139.76973 139.08167 99.13627
serian 110.43668 188.78282 56.17078 93.82946 99.09362 64.24550
sibu 168.76080 99.91273 172.57326 141.48931 135.64456 176.28731
simunjan 172.33554 180.28897 126.55774 124.39022 135.04992 124.47704
song 226.08513 110.53950 147.85288 161.48960 174.47076 132.98455
sri aman 183.62243 163.39406 127.09824 127.29106 143.66388 121.78569
tatau 132.69900 162.83046 48.30245 93.58098 94.39572 40.87933
gombak 186.38909 165.89369 213.55992 180.62408 168.57884 220.77500
kuala langat 159.13914 85.22747 162.93631 125.81997 128.88948 167.39942
kuala selangor 105.57119 87.59650 78.07739 60.93072 68.52128 83.35110
petaling 76.42229 161.11340 110.11340 86.98064 66.96689 123.82687
sabak bernam 210.80538 86.03756 189.31368 162.13491 155.61544 186.31486
sepang 132.20039 98.12213 146.88767 106.03760 101.41717 153.97602
besut 116.18739 98.77445 78.68664 52.88911 76.43098 82.35815
dungun 107.36264 169.73902 67.54023 75.11884 79.38684 74.53328
hulu terengganu 169.16845 80.46523 108.24258 118.06603 123.21870 99.78175
kemaman 102.90762 115.94745 28.04618 51.53328 62.10274 31.95291
kuala terengganu 203.95592 47.62177 147.94210 143.74478 144.04106 137.87525
marang 106.56848 102.99854 40.28709 53.76784 56.03074 41.30271
setiu 143.28409 157.10809 75.07785 92.54029 99.38816 70.07275
bandar baharu kota setar kuala muda kubang pasu kulim
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar 174.68823
kuala muda 176.15869 110.31191
kubang pasu 148.05255 60.25346 90.09521
kulim 175.85141 64.00203 67.30044 39.42982
langkawi 322.10213 171.00173 246.23769 206.30769 205.41665
padang terap 132.39789 92.17878 161.00659 80.97756 117.16131
pendang 147.01022 84.98431 92.09856 72.31904 84.84437
sik 50.58634 183.56937 170.57973 153.55698 174.67113
yan 36.69215 164.83325 182.59382 149.12213 176.40818
bachok 185.14517 51.04760 138.73998 61.29254 75.54814
gua musang 178.77117 76.58430 141.40591 62.73635 88.37370
jeli 81.17246 125.67092 153.36566 96.44109 126.22707
kota bharu 90.68283 110.05144 98.50723 95.92222 107.89031
kuala krai 170.76630 81.43988 161.47865 76.35918 106.50982
machang 126.90317 72.06125 96.39131 22.73455 58.97288
pasir mas 175.71128 44.13882 119.33102 48.25282 56.43326
pasir puteh 234.60734 88.33716 152.13449 117.26315 117.13850
tanah merah 153.54330 65.62005 131.89415 63.68062 91.39015
tumpat 75.50955 123.56555 115.43248 104.20929 124.48908
alor gajah 165.89457 47.92949 141.48744 67.92845 85.98719
jasin 151.84561 50.56574 130.86308 47.63300 75.39179
melaka tengah 193.27844 85.82809 55.60180 98.69815 75.80196
jelebu 94.00178 119.41783 91.52559 77.98290 95.87360
jempol 329.90286 160.00337 224.27352 194.72320 181.03633
kuala pilah 152.01750 52.69347 140.40485 73.14224 97.96710
port dickson 313.57380 150.94961 213.89362 172.83706 158.85019
rembau 173.47415 103.12310 92.60196 80.35286 85.44481
seremban 122.85618 93.97275 61.03765 77.96477 78.83023
tampin 50.92374 126.27222 137.49799 101.49925 130.54225
bentong 176.43707 58.91157 58.87009 46.78605 17.61591
bera 145.65504 68.38140 147.75605 63.24203 95.93543
cameron highlands 115.00158 99.40033 137.82983 84.83657 106.98244
jerantut 70.58361 147.45526 151.95090 109.76360 142.10306
lipis 47.58654 138.14199 140.91419 103.05296 132.37838
kuantan 103.97408 91.19830 77.85016 66.88812 79.98993
maran 57.77457 144.58858 130.97202 104.66156 130.88886
pekan 71.81660 140.82015 153.59944 104.78213 138.84059
raub 120.21500 98.43249 158.69634 85.24636 115.47267
rompin 190.19932 83.33354 132.57319 65.74752 81.68637
temerloh 186.77027 48.89128 142.15370 97.03219 106.93776
hilir perak 441.47389 273.47703 306.00753 295.39968 271.06245
kampar 122.35436 135.69211 72.36214 101.31612 103.67420
kerian 148.53434 63.11684 88.26178 36.96314 41.83552
kuala kangsar 70.73027 136.82064 114.72500 98.66161 117.76478
perak tengah 128.41697 72.59988 127.46180 43.29537 79.83352
barat daya 81.54152 94.51878 121.70776 81.40641 106.53280
timur laut 261.22130 117.82098 106.76701 141.46968 107.12608
beaufort 28.79679 169.76898 187.32676 145.06782 177.01161
beluran 100.90486 143.33442 180.48496 118.16213 156.05070
keningau 56.52359 135.23693 166.67579 119.53584 150.69606
kota belud 88.84747 109.07825 152.78290 83.95091 121.33048
kota kinabalu 87.91935 87.75119 113.79589 71.91674 97.48810
kinabatangan 58.64191 143.70794 169.02587 115.23938 148.28013
kota marudu 115.42216 159.57710 192.94981 135.44254 172.15506
kudat 57.00837 146.91029 167.70347 118.02806 148.46413
kunak 10.42673 176.28823 173.78083 146.31759 173.87071
lahad datu 32.96351 155.71797 167.21568 128.29240 157.61496
papar 141.79138 101.64874 163.57633 90.84388 125.30652
penampang 70.90585 133.10051 161.83658 106.64619 142.12812
ranau 88.22948 119.41992 164.20379 94.64877 130.33252
sandakan 46.94284 138.84562 154.36675 116.50995 143.37281
semporna 91.89484 103.62501 143.96680 74.73140 110.42398
sipitang 35.83930 153.75470 177.00515 133.64697 165.18431
tawau 47.04976 144.77902 160.10976 128.53134 153.59417
tenom 42.55824 170.16642 188.37953 142.47275 175.03104
tuaran 34.57954 161.72999 178.55812 133.82641 166.83720
bau 68.80066 133.98909 157.97505 101.20607 136.91286
belaga 272.31360 143.34844 224.21471 159.51963 160.28726
betong 171.67381 54.84033 113.39093 48.59940 56.64961
bintulu 131.48940 83.00301 143.11385 67.27576 95.14774
dalat 100.02283 110.99184 161.98141 87.69236 123.57864
julau 159.50546 118.31455 181.08769 104.16406 137.99057
kanowit 115.00094 128.07815 149.15421 93.44363 127.09962
kapit 170.55927 89.52468 168.95677 85.83984 109.02706
kuching 148.11151 64.33336 64.20857 59.48479 50.77935
lawas 69.85417 131.01850 167.56567 113.27729 147.89976
limbang 91.51016 107.89634 143.33354 75.25915 110.01166
lubok antu 257.36908 124.06803 192.22582 128.43318 134.15618
lundu 150.32928 47.47850 126.75265 44.64164 72.58778
marudi 341.20504 197.88168 257.18301 208.62458 205.97308
matu 35.78225 186.28920 199.25193 157.75703 190.35427
miri 249.06799 93.79746 120.11123 107.44875 84.04953
mukah 53.92254 130.44319 149.41902 104.32036 136.62220
saratok 133.73055 93.06272 160.93272 77.10727 110.26272
sarikei 188.71361 68.53438 149.06010 91.45575 95.11833
serian 47.02698 153.68096 163.54471 121.69339 150.46035
sibu 237.76137 117.62564 75.32421 130.29980 97.71721
simunjan 99.79795 172.99802 197.94015 154.46377 187.52536
song 209.84417 101.52929 187.82261 105.18434 126.61319
sri aman 125.27250 159.84783 195.72294 137.07519 172.42935
tatau 68.58237 122.74210 161.07454 108.78011 138.93411
gombak 266.27537 176.42273 112.97135 188.92616 157.70706
kuala langat 227.33835 115.79481 67.11959 109.75946 81.10788
kuala selangor 152.92204 72.59865 59.12709 32.28781 27.09771
petaling 138.37333 142.75690 85.76903 133.63898 127.83025
sabak bernam 244.49839 115.37735 132.48048 153.04155 136.63785
sepang 202.87857 115.46946 44.35090 113.76512 89.07781
besut 129.01042 98.36279 100.40442 53.63109 79.74084
dungun 38.04771 147.00582 152.61854 121.22761 150.39281
hulu terengganu 189.83956 48.77503 118.57527 52.71533 54.11169
kemaman 107.51045 83.23159 103.29549 43.74386 73.24158
kuala terengganu 219.75352 48.82034 134.20419 99.71926 91.91259
marang 119.86450 65.82767 90.83191 45.02623 62.86256
setiu 68.19979 133.31792 168.39533 117.43886 151.18171
langkawi padang terap pendang sik yan
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap 202.10141
pendang 198.90262 95.47603
sik 344.62114 158.49075 167.92616
yan 314.62057 128.29015 153.33806 59.69671
bachok 172.73195 82.65553 113.17071 192.36794 176.40613
gua musang 165.37980 67.18699 91.92276 195.90323 178.52017
jeli 279.90692 90.92256 133.00348 81.05192 75.00423
kota bharu 272.38046 122.85986 97.62059 89.70137 87.78850
kuala krai 170.04946 42.89908 103.07082 191.31770 166.65521
machang 218.49481 70.14599 67.06933 135.97630 130.01358
pasir mas 188.16556 89.04215 105.42929 178.67410 167.70482
pasir puteh 98.38185 130.08994 103.54325 254.53251 231.04096
tanah merah 171.37487 47.65687 59.75395 177.32326 152.13811
tumpat 267.54195 110.38960 79.77585 98.19200 84.42419
alor gajah 190.37798 76.21517 114.74267 172.70721 152.09217
jasin 192.83012 56.86658 96.14027 161.85484 143.45980
melaka tengah 208.58362 156.56071 85.50221 195.60754 191.86898
jelebu 273.89671 116.41767 93.57333 91.92167 106.18264
jempol 81.38849 215.67915 205.66650 341.32176 321.55766
kuala pilah 173.51133 48.93508 78.04122 173.76602 142.75468
port dickson 142.25431 203.01144 210.44516 316.45806 304.97577
rembau 194.73429 114.86750 37.97762 191.64163 184.16536
seremban 253.12838 127.17382 79.66825 120.63786 123.99095
tampin 274.26624 93.10958 101.63787 76.72885 56.70443
bentong 201.20324 120.73938 77.83854 176.73009 176.23006
bera 191.76304 31.11391 95.92366 163.23451 138.32072
cameron highlands 260.46102 100.65940 131.84223 107.88768 100.99357
jerantut 275.65997 91.59424 101.79611 103.67451 92.81993
lipis 287.05620 98.79788 111.80607 66.48712 63.39445
kuantan 250.66851 106.07776 72.31991 107.10640 106.50998
maran 290.54854 110.39495 105.49904 74.27957 81.37597
pekan 269.05689 80.88763 101.00300 105.02299 89.89349
raub 244.63345 71.81083 131.76667 124.95686 106.05009
rompin 160.03665 82.78888 82.40248 207.15312 193.34180
temerloh 146.03333 95.51617 90.64301 206.04698 175.14174
hilir perak 209.41824 336.31163 319.73632 441.87741 435.27692
kampar 289.52343 154.19610 109.82698 110.45012 133.94169
kerian 225.32053 101.08727 96.66762 143.86762 144.40409
kuala kangsar 296.27360 123.45281 114.64514 61.26771 83.84902
perak tengah 216.37157 51.42802 93.22541 138.45208 124.54463
barat daya 252.24178 83.19777 91.52629 94.30576 72.81084
timur laut 195.29156 204.13192 147.62922 258.38527 256.64807
beaufort 310.41022 115.19277 147.68410 70.14980 37.68703
beluran 252.23294 71.69149 118.08393 136.58361 107.99552
keningau 281.40900 95.16617 130.41039 80.11874 41.05119
kota belud 244.74885 48.12190 103.42343 112.44271 86.96759
kota kinabalu 246.40443 81.01074 85.33166 99.15809 81.59276
kinabatangan 290.35047 94.66726 137.98010 73.54842 56.74017
kota marudu 253.64416 87.60810 123.69825 155.28695 126.16799
kudat 298.61654 103.48536 143.03143 62.92378 53.74721
kunak 324.68767 133.98941 147.55122 46.10392 44.59193
lahad datu 307.28563 114.94932 141.77814 49.11669 36.35168
papar 191.76602 30.10097 85.75668 173.24463 142.21471
penampang 260.92995 67.94380 103.93226 107.64338 79.03091
ranau 258.99401 61.29427 123.23550 105.56710 82.28715
sandakan 295.44631 108.58213 132.34229 54.02676 37.04867
semporna 248.86229 57.68322 106.87464 105.87558 88.58000
sipitang 295.38879 103.37293 135.27668 74.75948 32.10960
tawau 301.35533 119.74608 139.02732 54.80404 26.63248
tenom 313.52375 117.51831 155.68016 66.70014 47.14591
tuaran 301.07556 105.59277 137.74634 73.67461 48.04437
bau 267.00050 70.82859 108.08984 99.43003 79.35749
belaga 198.42487 171.95377 216.23351 270.70300 257.76650
betong 202.28592 99.53980 111.56046 170.65118 164.23912
bintulu 232.81605 71.62341 121.59295 133.71422 120.32596
dalat 249.01770 53.75358 120.69851 115.75690 93.07924
julau 189.73154 43.17150 104.80378 190.64075 161.51779
kanowit 233.98073 66.65533 79.57960 146.76137 129.30879
kapit 211.54254 79.28381 142.34049 175.26662 158.40726
kuching 229.29466 119.82260 86.40679 143.81714 143.30674
lawas 259.38850 68.84189 108.22252 108.69873 69.71725
limbang 254.35216 63.43616 110.03853 102.63586 89.94260
lubok antu 118.90560 133.18989 151.71859 273.11147 255.57748
lundu 189.68781 53.48550 87.49549 162.09583 143.04264
marudi 108.47489 216.05389 223.64827 357.23678 339.64048
matu 322.78629 126.32103 158.37214 77.02460 54.94594
miri 142.74309 159.26126 120.33048 255.32230 247.91360
mukah 269.99155 81.20305 101.79019 88.12983 62.41823
saratok 225.34852 51.03561 123.23283 144.60043 124.26195
sarikei 207.20005 115.65914 144.80532 185.64033 171.95718
serian 307.36597 113.52346 143.07039 49.33107 51.95134
sibu 211.57388 195.40571 124.37579 235.98583 237.29846
simunjan 271.63778 105.86040 123.88432 148.18601 112.53649
song 150.04038 80.17207 135.02194 228.40535 204.20430
sri aman 244.27804 80.74447 116.66774 167.53257 136.75423
tatau 273.04014 85.71152 127.03464 84.50927 50.15548
gombak 272.90400 252.69171 176.53113 258.04351 265.44262
kuala langat 201.05312 175.89076 101.40001 230.06849 233.04202
kuala selangor 221.27362 109.98821 73.96557 152.25011 156.31716
petaling 298.15861 178.97466 125.99468 126.10303 139.29140
sabak bernam 166.11623 185.38904 120.60166 257.26078 238.65795
sepang 227.12532 176.43708 94.08333 203.78995 207.22881
besut 222.10367 80.12961 50.34526 146.16333 140.93732
dungun 288.04410 105.29864 111.47939 77.22818 55.26029
hulu terengganu 179.39831 100.62434 109.75583 192.34887 183.25330
kemaman 240.92321 77.31601 85.69407 111.00780 107.91296
kuala terengganu 132.08129 125.21110 108.89477 230.74699 209.53616
marang 232.24786 87.89733 81.65632 121.04261 115.04855
setiu 261.20024 74.20109 108.41338 108.83080 67.73927
bachok gua musang jeli kota bharu kuala krai
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang 55.87343
jeli 120.10469 128.68569
kota bharu 137.57827 144.62706 86.31041
kuala krai 56.85632 36.23966 118.58355 146.70860
machang 74.98701 68.08438 80.97751 83.88009 76.90047
pasir mas 26.37247 69.98187 110.99604 120.95202 72.65818
pasir puteh 104.57031 90.15314 197.88025 179.23439 104.51806
tanah merah 73.01471 47.74533 118.04177 118.91441 45.97484
tumpat 149.42261 140.08047 96.49434 47.81679 140.49634
alor gajah 33.19685 75.96626 101.60703 119.43816 66.96622
jasin 34.01228 57.16094 90.07284 110.71122 49.96141
melaka tengah 128.49373 136.65559 168.89653 108.94154 153.44695
jelebu 131.91794 125.73924 79.53868 55.43452 135.37893
jempol 159.02382 171.00116 275.92950 266.70876 179.87622
kuala pilah 66.50983 66.91845 111.93613 113.35104 53.30499
port dickson 130.82623 156.47599 246.34149 253.79381 164.81625
rembau 122.44360 93.59555 155.25668 126.55955 112.44324
seremban 125.43953 131.69483 106.45478 38.20502 141.21832
tampin 139.37530 131.90470 61.52876 58.70538 127.51606
bentong 81.48595 92.42353 132.28192 103.16048 111.47382
bera 52.99208 55.87424 90.22226 118.99721 33.88089
cameron highlands 97.37665 119.20973 50.69413 81.72711 115.63262
jerantut 152.01093 129.05047 85.04147 100.00553 125.19578
lipis 144.63053 136.94211 52.61973 70.88288 132.35499
kuantan 116.18232 118.30116 85.23128 32.59843 124.49469
maran 153.70013 141.06183 73.26089 73.23820 141.10552
pekan 143.48532 121.74465 77.63817 99.57326 115.69992
raub 83.84385 103.07639 47.60258 104.80537 88.78159
rompin 71.64852 39.80546 144.16514 151.54614 56.32670
temerloh 81.67932 87.57971 151.13093 131.94184 87.03261
hilir perak 265.47304 282.56829 379.33343 370.95213 297.81873
kampar 155.85897 153.47661 116.34384 65.78300 168.47036
kerian 68.24673 93.08537 89.84138 86.33943 100.29933
kuala kangsar 147.66842 147.36404 65.14840 54.09163 149.38637
perak tengah 59.47177 63.73652 66.97298 98.11102 59.32768
barat daya 112.56898 118.30277 57.94502 43.88770 112.26965
timur laut 148.54808 168.00460 221.96547 175.26835 187.27070
beaufort 174.97986 167.54104 72.75271 102.99999 155.25044
beluran 139.37246 110.26477 96.03916 127.39884 102.65034
keningau 142.41040 141.73892 54.80557 80.74721 131.06159
kota belud 105.18994 96.16040 50.81398 94.11023 83.50224
kota kinabalu 105.52571 109.80668 59.76401 43.63341 106.91518
kinabatangan 140.93155 138.82976 34.44548 93.47699 128.52632
kota marudu 157.63339 121.45114 121.69105 145.15460 115.65418
kudat 145.07438 147.92148 28.08050 90.36748 136.92292
kunak 185.28617 178.34310 79.44570 91.76644 171.41092
lahad datu 160.63559 158.93942 51.01013 83.06934 150.59547
papar 98.07257 66.22305 113.81883 133.35178 50.13370
penampang 136.43809 119.05062 71.86730 98.35322 107.46558
ranau 110.72014 110.77540 35.24946 100.68846 94.56522
sandakan 147.09143 151.78857 42.47921 66.57780 142.82454
semporna 97.55817 97.07881 35.24778 87.37747 86.55350
sipitang 161.59091 156.31734 66.41845 90.72762 143.54918
tawau 157.43676 163.19553 59.60061 65.73168 154.41446
tenom 170.36824 164.14313 63.39860 106.97088 154.03283
tuaran 165.35618 154.88587 66.96862 99.46110 144.47748
bau 133.48422 117.96588 59.96810 96.82011 107.87772
belaga 105.73288 148.66682 195.25973 228.95013 142.53933
betong 40.92648 74.52521 107.01894 115.14297 85.55698
bintulu 66.16057 90.87854 57.21162 102.68300 80.46310
dalat 99.26856 101.33592 40.63120 104.10524 84.05984
julau 105.23255 69.78292 127.64529 156.80728 50.03554
kanowit 128.67638 94.23473 105.82939 120.18593 91.52965
kapit 51.61855 86.33754 95.78216 143.14941 69.61091
kuching 94.59127 114.48643 108.46743 66.38600 123.90914
lawas 137.73054 124.74446 74.01455 96.14058 110.35855
limbang 100.47758 101.26081 30.60692 88.43587 91.05801
lubok antu 97.39741 86.44260 201.02814 218.00296 92.66866
lundu 38.67412 56.06037 92.39013 108.14013 48.37324
marudi 176.78648 167.72910 285.84893 297.61484 175.93513
matu 189.51981 178.01534 86.81310 119.01384 166.23382
miri 104.22244 109.69712 201.25076 180.00333 131.28106
mukah 139.37227 127.80545 63.45528 77.34773 119.24378
saratok 69.60760 82.93377 64.64921 119.54686 63.22125
sarikei 56.90142 110.74913 119.30656 134.18370 104.98996
serian 154.55495 155.32470 38.65264 86.08239 146.93864
sibu 153.44592 163.60520 208.78740 152.41155 184.72445
simunjan 182.64216 153.95467 132.39850 139.38109 142.75596
song 66.91908 60.06377 152.01677 183.59193 41.78554
sri aman 158.85406 123.26296 130.30014 152.86435 110.80834
tatau 128.02395 134.81799 39.95535 77.89028 120.75613
gombak 216.60750 230.04759 250.34303 179.07319 248.95572
kuala langat 141.49680 136.92295 197.97007 153.24062 162.54327
kuala selangor 86.19692 89.80818 109.95581 87.75126 107.65225
petaling 178.26677 187.73906 143.28138 62.00222 196.54766
sabak bernam 160.30420 164.93024 224.33182 168.31795 177.00993
sepang 152.82746 153.12921 185.24557 122.49811 173.76374
besut 105.29494 79.64005 104.36406 98.36614 90.28787
dungun 160.40542 148.03579 78.33701 75.22174 142.50080
hulu terengganu 26.93379 65.73438 126.02721 132.64987 77.32767
kemaman 86.84521 91.31432 56.11874 66.95104 93.16184
kuala terengganu 76.61783 98.45361 172.83124 152.95599 104.32272
marang 82.75299 97.61473 72.87559 57.39819 100.04489
setiu 142.49436 129.48461 79.15918 95.09815 115.56270
machang pasir mas pasir puteh tanah merah tumpat
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas 64.50090
pasir puteh 128.22461 113.28388
tanah merah 60.40939 77.58563 87.45347
tumpat 86.27084 137.49859 174.41365 106.83305
alor gajah 75.11027 35.46345 120.82748 76.34734 135.02871
jasin 51.85633 34.58076 116.20685 56.83891 119.53491
melaka tengah 108.04956 112.47002 118.73767 119.87111 124.31054
jelebu 62.74211 117.76059 178.59908 113.42285 62.78710
jempol 213.14369 168.09901 113.48716 183.90702 273.80955
kuala pilah 71.23024 70.37543 96.11570 33.68646 109.32247
port dickson 193.49048 138.79535 141.72010 181.82963 268.61989
rembau 80.65144 115.73609 101.97449 76.80121 110.03648
seremban 72.83975 106.66315 157.55577 110.47112 65.22728
tampin 80.47567 130.69070 185.06178 106.30027 42.87514
bentong 63.81278 63.79819 110.26125 90.53045 119.81859
bera 60.04103 59.22404 118.89640 46.54881 117.93906
cameron highlands 77.88897 87.98860 179.51348 114.98588 108.51457
jerantut 87.50594 146.15076 188.79124 106.65805 67.73258
lipis 81.69057 134.46284 197.88816 116.21522 58.30286
kuantan 55.51163 99.39546 155.67365 95.69380 50.08161
maran 83.59872 142.32889 198.55526 120.43898 53.92018
pekan 82.48492 138.61889 183.69404 99.58874 69.98691
raub 77.19818 81.35225 170.98409 99.32694 118.18605
rompin 74.44092 76.98485 83.15504 53.84101 144.15610
temerloh 102.03309 86.95234 70.12296 65.00163 133.44698
hilir perak 317.30951 269.72788 241.14167 306.06032 386.45053
kampar 93.32453 138.86117 192.24515 142.38152 83.78941
kerian 47.59113 45.52244 139.51123 91.60749 110.46427
kuala kangsar 81.99273 131.91958 202.95242 130.60472 63.49625
perak tengah 35.64610 56.01806 135.18957 62.13202 103.43618
barat daya 65.51740 100.96103 164.34485 91.07609 52.51553
timur laut 159.16593 135.69863 130.61027 166.01175 196.38084
beaufort 123.66318 168.79752 227.58806 143.43748 85.97001
beluran 98.60822 143.98342 175.69573 96.26091 101.97582
keningau 100.56792 137.36208 199.00355 119.76945 77.32108
kota belud 64.82301 103.59762 164.22036 78.90486 84.05123
kota kinabalu 56.11660 94.13839 157.13541 85.21649 53.76401
kinabatangan 95.83607 135.44377 207.99090 124.68750 90.99302
kota marudu 116.42389 163.44196 179.82901 106.01867 113.08248
kudat 99.65204 136.72449 215.60812 132.72427 92.79844
kunak 125.15837 175.39369 236.37474 154.93894 77.51395
lahad datu 108.23732 151.97922 221.27837 139.48091 79.79457
papar 79.83737 106.01301 119.31597 40.85610 112.08420
penampang 85.04153 133.43103 178.85623 93.15909 71.57210
ranau 77.65381 107.75550 181.43355 97.30371 97.68987
sandakan 98.26101 136.39867 209.42000 130.22574 72.50558
semporna 57.23617 92.62630 167.13703 84.66141 87.18767
sipitang 112.82524 155.37531 212.72220 129.90264 75.10753
tawau 110.85853 146.94936 215.49325 139.23373 73.47771
tenom 121.80083 165.33236 230.84326 147.29441 97.92098
tuaran 111.97347 159.88406 217.39675 132.90376 80.71654
bau 79.35760 129.25360 183.84933 97.42214 75.40664
belaga 174.81461 115.70513 177.91977 173.83016 249.14058
betong 63.42553 31.98184 124.26705 88.97672 136.09223
bintulu 63.78011 60.37090 157.52530 90.56634 118.69118
dalat 72.62214 97.39173 172.96899 90.28062 103.09107
julau 95.49902 115.94440 126.74473 58.35541 135.40178
kanowit 75.34619 127.85434 151.60076 72.89585 88.98381
kapit 89.99683 58.12084 151.22029 98.04165 156.16835
kuching 65.53912 73.06932 138.52428 100.88403 96.19250
lawas 92.67553 135.21300 179.14182 95.08110 71.27708
limbang 58.08805 93.89407 172.39138 90.10116 89.40089
lubok antu 141.94321 113.06980 94.38140 113.51231 215.40978
lundu 48.38619 36.60146 111.06029 49.05580 114.43887
marudi 223.86206 191.46055 143.83394 192.99969 294.74458
matu 135.77548 183.95651 240.28113 155.31147 97.84699
miri 127.29720 100.87042 76.98658 119.93560 188.41856
mukah 82.41396 132.66730 183.81610 100.46085 53.13067
saratok 70.80536 71.64920 155.20174 82.21743 124.94065
sarikei 102.95229 49.45915 145.11761 115.12455 160.65095
serian 102.63826 144.64846 221.61048 139.23792 87.34609
sibu 144.25534 138.37837 133.02190 156.05803 169.75638
simunjan 134.05259 182.78907 196.11934 121.56698 97.38348
song 111.71096 87.24800 107.34656 80.33239 180.10181
sri aman 119.21542 163.04626 174.18896 99.32192 116.22546
tatau 91.79763 121.00424 192.23884 112.53527 81.44196
gombak 199.02695 198.62845 198.89161 216.69737 200.99617
kuala langat 123.31190 129.06408 116.87355 134.85347 160.15190
kuala selangor 42.87541 68.43581 128.35878 87.80194 102.39935
petaling 128.45103 158.06547 203.94955 164.07457 91.53558
sabak bernam 162.47132 153.49100 100.78982 143.16194 172.76857
sepang 121.70462 136.44585 136.91470 138.85147 133.06188
besut 40.62761 97.34313 130.49569 63.99932 82.09853
dungun 99.37458 152.40889 199.53295 119.95528 46.44854
hulu terengganu 72.13131 21.57671 105.49697 83.29517 148.87846
kemaman 28.69525 73.16826 151.91172 80.54879 78.17659
kuala terengganu 114.60246 76.91569 63.45550 91.44064 163.14130
marang 40.13429 64.72015 142.65222 81.86238 79.16833
setiu 96.88193 139.65651 180.66322 98.00200 68.32548
alor gajah jasin melaka tengah jelebu jempol
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin 27.21776
melaka tengah 129.00406 124.95258
jelebu 124.28093 106.97122 121.74013
jempol 180.01301 186.75400 189.76537 268.10254
kuala pilah 57.15905 47.71171 121.19088 121.19844 183.06646
port dickson 155.05632 163.57250 193.86984 248.32606 78.62804
rembau 133.25664 112.71575 94.69513 109.70811 198.16078
seremban 114.85360 105.03097 75.18025 55.64696 241.92730
tampin 122.30393 106.75788 149.46097 60.03695 280.97255
bentong 89.35240 80.48393 59.51791 96.43159 179.03211
bera 46.91457 27.64469 141.25143 114.65410 195.30192
cameron highlands 75.74256 74.32588 146.14104 83.99533 250.52409
jerantut 143.93060 121.26233 170.02956 77.84560 287.42698
lipis 130.24595 112.37644 160.87267 57.33238 290.20071
kuantan 104.60113 91.02391 92.35297 40.80432 243.96873
maran 143.01207 123.06651 156.03036 49.57725 293.34528
pekan 134.71644 112.33018 169.33186 79.48945 280.97780
raub 62.21594 57.80862 162.34904 103.59596 240.45187
rompin 94.10873 74.37395 128.40380 133.02382 160.48782
temerloh 76.86088 79.42572 106.55313 146.64081 156.56225
hilir perak 289.71597 297.16482 284.12713 365.21925 141.10298
kampar 149.68711 136.19639 111.41584 42.77259 277.80860
kerian 64.34358 56.09629 97.80257 80.49556 204.28320
kuala kangsar 134.71098 119.19443 143.56573 35.64503 289.81436
perak tengah 53.05360 29.94641 132.43237 84.75947 212.88094
barat daya 91.54531 80.75539 125.19918 65.08105 252.52742
timur laut 157.49847 161.05825 74.63480 183.91801 152.08731
beaufort 155.50513 141.45579 200.56247 104.16642 321.48557
beluran 131.55999 111.96450 187.41406 109.27565 274.39962
keningau 119.93900 110.06240 173.31145 89.58364 289.83430
kota belud 91.19880 72.77575 159.55565 84.49424 253.07520
kota kinabalu 86.58072 74.55877 118.36116 57.90091 245.99302
kinabatangan 122.72537 109.28161 184.04575 85.01349 294.88734
kota marudu 152.44835 132.05290 198.78259 126.22304 282.27362
kudat 125.72409 113.47222 184.43231 85.77503 299.30073
kunak 167.23823 152.31607 193.75967 89.94950 331.11830
lahad datu 140.93568 128.17597 184.16184 81.98978 311.36820
papar 97.29762 76.88061 157.23452 124.06329 213.92167
penampang 123.57410 103.96088 170.44873 89.84425 275.18409
ranau 93.78242 79.02703 172.89568 93.69105 263.30894
sandakan 125.10947 114.73915 167.85310 76.80483 296.14639
semporna 82.71585 65.36070 153.81387 76.58231 250.48965
sipitang 140.77629 127.87472 186.30369 98.00110 306.22659
tawau 133.37238 125.46168 170.40848 86.00571 303.50479
tenom 151.66215 138.36237 204.54212 100.50458 322.29561
tuaran 148.03754 132.21165 193.12589 93.82499 312.21894
bau 121.67094 101.21652 171.30426 81.63014 277.18592
belaga 117.00888 132.23763 212.58652 225.81131 160.72505
betong 46.23916 45.73545 112.66807 106.60749 182.63244
bintulu 47.93109 41.82841 147.09597 98.81089 223.57979
dalat 83.08032 68.29945 168.91887 96.79132 252.23040
julau 109.62927 89.16713 176.63505 142.85014 213.59638
kanowit 128.51947 103.10980 159.22746 97.11470 250.25926
kapit 44.75990 47.77281 166.59147 137.96370 200.12319
kuching 86.00868 81.60472 65.65269 78.67523 209.83319
lawas 120.97416 104.69406 171.02141 98.12435 275.22906
limbang 86.65316 68.97506 155.91183 75.31418 253.82872
lubok antu 126.38037 119.56596 178.69303 203.02622 114.42746
lundu 33.86685 11.05689 119.73524 105.49329 184.74201
marudi 205.54935 202.53902 238.83267 283.05793 100.22921
matu 172.02628 156.30813 215.33810 114.13761 335.70143
miri 127.01963 123.57653 98.80013 173.37849 107.88522
mukah 123.78165 105.99537 160.01588 74.39340 280.01541
saratok 56.33005 44.52322 162.93994 112.55243 223.53526
sarikei 41.75627 64.18747 136.85977 143.69177 181.67372
serian 136.32920 122.93040 183.75880 79.00964 307.47807
sibu 160.35188 158.45279 47.51220 159.19569 180.14741
simunjan 172.02999 152.85708 200.64628 135.69170 300.80625
song 85.33416 77.66051 176.08027 172.85727 156.96361
sri aman 155.08716 133.21333 198.90038 138.63012 273.59906
tatau 103.74555 95.32857 166.29915 90.79084 276.72870
gombak 216.91408 217.13938 96.95203 195.68539 239.99108
kuala langat 155.71411 145.99687 63.49227 143.92719 176.74563
kuala selangor 91.10094 76.14425 78.73325 69.41278 203.95138
petaling 164.31584 158.52216 100.66693 92.71453 284.13141
sabak bernam 162.04168 163.04901 79.16721 188.78840 160.14191
sepang 156.85179 148.74067 35.42786 125.97373 207.83103
besut 109.71677 84.46228 115.84815 70.90559 224.02219
dungun 144.17456 127.46379 165.71865 75.12402 298.80094
hulu terengganu 48.78838 48.05050 111.50638 124.87295 156.85062
kemaman 77.23533 59.00379 118.17920 51.35722 233.40813
kuala terengganu 83.96424 90.66363 95.82632 164.02222 116.30523
marang 69.35071 58.17167 97.19595 62.21840 221.01157
setiu 125.16281 109.49276 170.85352 99.94007 277.96312
kuala pilah port dickson rembau seremban tampin
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson 179.81347
rembau 102.67570 202.75636
seremban 110.18184 230.46939 102.27788
tampin 106.02111 267.14990 129.91636 84.27752
bentong 96.09387 163.37929 81.27119 71.58592 129.89139
bera 39.31109 177.07771 113.72623 118.15859 102.79579
cameron highlands 103.07277 219.86651 155.00285 93.93586 82.66854
jerantut 119.06992 274.53246 119.33560 113.59437 52.24040
lipis 119.17374 270.99726 134.51024 93.11574 28.02759
kuantan 96.69676 230.49788 97.30265 25.38132 62.12754
maran 128.51940 276.18777 124.42291 89.40951 41.08403
pekan 110.54677 267.23408 119.82768 113.74270 49.62545
raub 86.07650 209.94045 153.93571 116.77167 88.20924
rompin 77.88176 150.59739 73.40086 133.28149 144.41383
temerloh 48.90827 167.57640 112.91283 121.59812 138.97761
hilir perak 308.07188 141.51310 303.88012 340.58114 393.31793
kampar 149.57384 260.04745 121.84528 53.34459 94.85443
kerian 88.58573 175.51341 109.44257 70.40161 106.20349
kuala kangsar 133.26171 267.26608 134.07969 70.82303 52.95603
perak tengah 62.10342 187.88172 109.85523 96.81163 84.88975
barat daya 81.95680 237.90934 122.71974 65.82597 39.16731
timur laut 165.10519 156.75867 145.34960 141.65506 215.99717
beaufort 140.77830 304.54159 174.38734 133.79673 52.67341
beluran 106.22215 263.19676 137.30660 140.89983 75.27674
keningau 111.48767 272.74718 160.34849 110.56777 39.02389
kota belud 78.57450 234.36943 126.84895 108.56951 52.78181
kota kinabalu 78.46505 230.93211 115.34838 59.92164 41.68746
kinabatangan 121.39511 270.49303 162.01776 118.79166 48.85765
kota marudu 120.10467 276.52808 140.12244 156.82585 93.65059
kudat 127.74992 272.87972 167.00914 117.02061 54.07208
kunak 154.91230 313.18801 172.28545 122.40240 52.64817
lahad datu 135.93148 289.77457 167.69425 113.76597 42.15406
papar 56.14711 210.00340 102.32220 134.50220 101.91050
penampang 97.75613 262.82407 128.02528 116.44723 45.67244
ranau 92.24499 238.99127 146.03477 118.48192 62.45936
sandakan 122.80805 274.85547 160.27454 98.50506 39.13926
semporna 82.22115 226.69771 128.89276 100.55483 56.04677
sipitang 124.85725 291.10083 164.22849 121.74543 41.47176
tawau 129.48632 284.90887 169.39123 101.45283 45.30587
tenom 145.04447 300.51114 180.52025 136.37605 58.07237
tuaran 132.98420 294.92857 162.86414 127.30245 44.57951
bau 102.99639 260.18064 129.45857 114.12884 44.96758
belaga 161.87753 98.67066 220.45801 218.49337 233.72325
betong 84.63251 150.71571 121.96718 100.60129 126.38515
bintulu 79.18893 191.41479 140.77300 107.47604 94.79015
dalat 84.45685 227.02569 142.49034 118.70949 70.52885
julau 75.04149 207.56984 113.98267 156.68155 123.27865
kanowit 94.79309 242.39429 90.41975 122.15103 82.34986
kapit 85.73520 162.21147 156.08578 142.91503 134.13589
kuching 95.77371 192.92444 104.98146 40.96519 105.46511
lawas 93.60975 265.05496 136.47744 117.83392 45.33008
limbang 88.60078 228.03073 130.49511 101.20968 58.79955
lubok antu 124.93716 102.31554 140.51938 199.18906 212.09595
lundu 41.01995 164.83601 104.49770 101.42914 104.67960
marudi 203.86150 110.36242 206.38727 274.86851 295.23496
matu 155.72456 318.55158 182.60143 148.34644 67.30897
miri 128.60819 109.18268 107.22065 148.65020 200.36576
mukah 102.08564 266.93567 128.61464 99.62849 23.45014
saratok 73.22537 194.13599 141.25679 125.81170 98.81255
sarikei 95.14975 146.13774 161.27091 127.82601 149.05436
serian 136.45503 281.76988 166.28975 113.39986 51.13650
sibu 159.49431 186.25228 121.71655 116.57851 194.28679
simunjan 130.31816 301.78705 146.15706 156.40104 90.92040
song 83.60536 138.51649 137.96364 175.13632 167.98344
sri aman 114.71605 271.40108 130.96405 162.40123 104.88673
tatau 100.49733 256.80862 156.62109 105.72681 47.33079
gombak 216.47375 248.47248 178.73246 148.52452 230.82402
kuala langat 148.71848 179.91843 84.54752 116.01017 182.76850
kuala selangor 96.85014 183.64858 78.94705 59.84504 108.21589
petaling 160.74329 275.38432 147.45352 56.47936 116.49565
sabak bernam 140.48547 195.10963 129.25736 143.37817 199.80776
sepang 146.77265 212.40164 93.13434 86.21723 161.95448
besut 87.16469 212.78532 55.17824 85.88192 86.81464
dungun 122.09391 287.59947 138.68816 101.35225 24.60818
hulu terengganu 81.03474 126.28076 115.25224 114.34619 143.27805
kemaman 82.01609 209.66917 104.63326 66.39332 64.69362
kuala terengganu 81.49026 124.15042 118.74745 132.64810 171.35487
marang 76.46105 200.67607 104.33993 51.04941 75.85246
setiu 95.99832 269.47666 137.75390 117.75520 45.17872
bentong bera cameron highlands jerantut lipis
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera 100.63469
cameron highlands 110.42503 87.33352
jerantut 144.50457 110.08069 118.61410
lipis 134.97850 108.26571 86.94237 43.24894
kuantan 76.36561 100.33429 80.73205 90.11525 69.95450
maran 132.92679 120.00253 103.20339 39.11514 24.19219
pekan 141.66501 99.99938 111.45228 12.05978 42.00361
raub 121.41859 60.53467 41.18762 112.12556 90.09938
rompin 86.93284 72.79744 140.47629 134.71154 146.38456
temerloh 98.71018 82.73855 129.20261 158.13496 156.69268
hilir perak 272.05495 311.88129 349.83279 399.38456 397.93932
kampar 100.48723 148.74596 110.07951 115.46458 95.36338
kerian 49.65097 78.65569 68.45453 126.54042 107.10824
kuala kangsar 120.11599 123.97379 84.40083 74.89899 40.71250
perak tengah 86.36413 35.56778 62.24502 96.18329 86.64484
barat daya 105.24823 82.46839 61.87919 80.27232 54.24267
timur laut 96.62963 181.63567 191.14917 235.42602 225.31544
beaufort 178.71701 131.41113 110.66022 66.28734 50.19028
beluran 157.56700 95.63467 116.96030 62.35280 81.17594
keningau 150.84669 104.58490 74.05055 78.52586 52.89297
kota belud 124.93759 60.81991 73.54247 61.78683 55.77396
kota kinabalu 96.00161 78.45295 58.08091 80.41865 56.42361
kinabatangan 152.22347 103.65694 72.39015 70.06459 42.73744
kota marudu 172.68030 114.08312 142.88899 71.62109 99.94350
kudat 153.11274 109.71517 72.21292 76.88705 42.89223
kunak 175.14624 146.72911 114.92603 68.02510 44.18990
lahad datu 159.79537 124.19476 85.30529 71.18215 36.58585
papar 126.74895 53.95099 123.72025 91.52431 109.61210
penampang 144.07173 89.10287 103.51826 36.01351 47.74493
ranau 135.82929 69.04662 67.78001 74.62474 59.27041
sandakan 145.01153 113.40723 70.68545 78.94997 39.57086
semporna 115.58982 60.19394 57.37965 71.15284 54.60062
sipitang 165.97458 118.30699 99.53719 65.84280 46.89169
tawau 153.32728 124.68901 78.13118 90.74828 53.88051
tenom 177.73222 130.88192 98.86068 74.87867 53.34017
tuaran 168.86402 122.19197 104.64394 53.64956 40.57196
bau 140.55290 88.63403 95.99367 32.60165 37.98351
belaga 169.04311 144.83121 170.00599 247.28561 235.03698
betong 62.37228 72.49340 74.62066 146.16220 131.05263
bintulu 102.41932 52.44540 43.32812 115.99653 95.57060
dalat 129.62496 58.22832 65.41411 81.89499 68.48462
julau 141.81331 64.70986 140.89900 105.03868 126.62064
kanowit 129.80425 87.49430 129.43511 48.10387 80.81504
kapit 118.24501 54.70325 82.78364 147.35483 134.48673
kuching 44.63097 101.52417 84.40679 133.51704 112.85753
lawas 148.44687 89.55643 101.64957 52.81942 55.59055
limbang 116.32710 64.85993 59.04195 70.93753 52.61066
lubok antu 140.04189 118.92333 190.75857 204.19513 214.56612
lundu 77.08549 25.58473 80.23151 117.32417 110.48787
marudi 210.03194 202.92156 272.84969 285.41565 298.34563
matu 192.65767 144.86633 127.49732 67.24583 60.23580
miri 81.17497 138.31777 178.91534 205.67171 206.40959
mukah 137.45340 96.42881 93.54987 37.90066 29.89897
saratok 117.98496 38.36849 67.76455 109.82791 98.58541
sarikei 99.58371 86.06062 85.67226 175.65969 154.83957
serian 154.67996 120.21543 80.07154 72.91595 35.64148
sibu 84.50370 177.15690 182.79054 211.83320 203.47205
simunjan 186.32494 133.63765 161.28358 68.30253 98.29180
song 133.18572 67.98543 146.51328 163.84327 171.17346
sri aman 174.07060 110.60673 158.05970 71.68885 107.13240
tatau 140.66614 90.70372 62.60719 83.99434 55.00245
gombak 144.83736 236.11575 224.38895 254.34545 240.69564
kuala langat 71.94495 161.08608 180.00884 188.06496 188.11491
kuala selangor 30.22770 93.82146 94.88248 120.20696 109.70659
petaling 119.28912 171.61456 131.82289 150.16820 125.11834
sabak bernam 121.56380 172.87024 201.14521 217.77562 216.48206
sepang 75.32246 163.83877 167.23691 176.11009 170.35037
besut 82.52953 82.56791 114.03889 73.09956 85.39598
dungun 149.58387 120.05897 106.09080 44.64562 34.13413
hulu terengganu 60.90714 71.86837 99.67463 157.08455 147.53826
kemaman 78.18435 67.99194 55.99329 83.13340 63.78498
kuala terengganu 85.32063 103.12378 146.81552 188.08608 183.80448
marang 63.84777 73.05790 58.25947 102.88582 81.37327
setiu 150.94111 94.75465 105.48814 55.06424 57.89812
kuantan maran pekan raub rompin temerloh
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran 68.20788
pekan 89.34095 44.04986
raub 98.34630 109.25446 102.06916
rompin 121.96272 146.41332 129.13921 125.09613
temerloh 117.42612 163.64835 151.21601 122.29114 97.27351
hilir perak 347.14807 398.68660 394.03255 346.44479 270.35022 284.84181
kampar 58.43201 84.18859 119.09401 138.06303 157.58105 164.58033
kerian 64.73220 111.96623 121.46953 79.18041 97.49040 108.54188
kuala kangsar 54.45508 38.02980 76.56701 102.10405 153.51941 164.20283
perak tengah 77.97889 97.28867 87.43098 46.75321 81.54613 99.93279
barat daya 45.61532 67.60440 74.88131 69.28071 129.64440 112.42451
timur laut 158.09552 222.35112 233.29259 205.39178 156.95689 139.85460
beaufort 112.01579 67.05381 63.39470 106.74434 181.36056 179.02254
beluran 117.81085 89.71924 54.84342 101.30610 131.10449 142.69868
keningau 90.12683 74.11607 72.06130 74.83162 161.25844 144.85556
kota belud 84.28068 72.40090 50.69123 54.76506 113.79321 121.61374
kota kinabalu 39.09488 67.61699 75.19373 67.88187 122.19805 107.53025
kinabatangan 96.08685 65.30598 63.15198 68.30764 157.04032 160.57944
kota marudu 134.75014 104.01935 67.21490 127.40728 139.30172 153.36348
kudat 95.27125 65.61424 70.99820 70.73069 163.12200 167.27767
kunak 103.34455 52.55993 70.04790 120.77428 189.17206 190.43133
lahad datu 93.21273 56.62322 68.24595 90.56607 174.03599 172.10624
papar 114.46150 116.42679 82.76228 99.50563 77.87679 95.30675
penampang 91.85817 59.32787 25.94163 89.83752 130.27576 139.32263
ranau 94.72509 79.84192 63.84676 44.04461 127.96037 136.16751
sandakan 79.00608 60.69224 74.81791 78.84560 165.63542 157.35775
semporna 77.01067 71.93985 61.37104 41.23132 113.83254 124.15526
sipitang 100.11076 66.07715 61.26119 95.61256 170.50968 161.85790
tawau 84.86996 72.33559 87.39362 90.07628 178.18517 159.99431
tenom 114.77951 71.76205 71.06562 97.67629 182.28825 182.68659
tuaran 104.51067 57.19845 50.27845 100.28598 169.23544 171.74729
bau 88.90235 51.01676 21.65522 83.22847 129.22348 145.82755
belaga 212.39301 247.45341 237.66708 154.32209 158.54551 167.07686
betong 94.89632 138.50359 139.31092 79.06906 91.18711 96.62477
bintulu 90.90879 111.28310 106.66431 22.65660 109.70057 113.70429
dalat 95.57500 87.68540 70.85367 36.19874 119.15859 128.74586
julau 136.28954 132.98631 96.34170 112.07318 77.47744 113.23282
kanowit 100.04482 78.16118 44.59299 114.48577 95.61150 133.43944
kapit 128.21058 149.43992 137.05010 54.68270 104.89991 116.43916
kuching 49.31257 114.36030 130.58137 104.08801 116.08545 103.40496
lawas 94.34741 70.51316 44.03915 87.82256 137.91774 133.36663
limbang 77.63831 69.51545 61.70161 43.88934 115.65510 131.07350
lubok antu 190.38095 217.91237 197.03251 169.86028 74.87885 129.56571
lundu 87.26223 120.05682 108.69866 64.03273 68.50886 75.29637
marudi 269.48550 300.01342 279.01792 253.37107 153.92354 196.76791
matu 126.33877 72.34897 66.36919 122.31895 190.92855 195.03793
miri 153.14656 204.23166 201.90979 178.78628 91.62229 113.05084
mukah 75.69811 43.86377 32.32638 88.69551 138.44006 140.34739
saratok 106.09770 114.93753 99.00045 30.97073 102.31923 114.84011
sarikei 123.27844 167.82178 167.07996 82.60097 123.96166 104.29243
serian 92.39453 55.71172 69.48224 84.02861 168.72768 174.86256
sibu 135.07180 197.14368 211.50269 199.86077 151.42596 139.13010
simunjan 135.41107 100.21797 67.63347 147.33471 161.05714 163.91272
song 160.70002 180.01293 154.34822 117.48935 68.59407 105.55954
sri aman 139.79078 109.67071 67.15836 136.25775 129.28360 152.64976
tatau 84.95074 77.98941 75.99733 57.77380 151.47849 137.06654
gombak 172.45542 232.77624 255.86717 248.77508 219.31178 195.32658
kuala langat 127.64805 178.68378 188.46688 191.39928 118.82945 137.96429
kuala selangor 58.02499 106.49580 118.00871 107.06655 87.78338 111.46377
petaling 75.52659 119.20782 152.86047 161.23425 188.35979 166.06950
sabak bernam 155.35588 214.03505 215.76605 208.14829 154.57950 104.86885
sepang 104.32534 160.64925 177.60877 184.95325 140.68387 136.06749
besut 68.89495 78.23574 71.85460 110.14696 73.07849 117.59996
dungun 80.35366 40.72010 45.57030 108.60592 158.38014 155.70331
hulu terengganu 109.31843 153.63768 150.08050 96.04465 74.23402 89.52861
kemaman 45.98129 70.67483 77.72698 61.56316 100.76085 115.10906
kuala terengganu 134.05151 188.60059 181.75067 142.58420 95.40953 53.55823
marang 38.01058 87.76128 97.97432 70.41299 104.62220 101.10129
setiu 94.95758 71.85582 47.55185 93.41546 142.22700 134.03918
hilir perak kampar kerian kuala kangsar perak tengah
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar 365.92397
kerian 298.11133 97.55214
kuala kangsar 388.15631 63.21858 93.81698
perak tengah 320.07760 119.31017 55.52611 95.67904
barat daya 364.39834 95.46266 78.27876 61.94374 66.62243
timur laut 220.70146 171.76469 135.97674 206.13311 176.93780
beaufort 436.18828 138.63463 148.12652 84.26143 118.48378
beluran 392.32584 147.97248 139.12758 115.37547 91.41110
keningau 404.15782 123.45919 119.52354 78.95706 90.81276
kota belud 367.26849 125.58889 95.42389 84.57022 49.98951
kota kinabalu 356.54411 88.59414 70.59390 61.16803 59.74349
kinabatangan 403.52506 123.30884 115.90470 70.76240 84.43393
kota marudu 402.31868 162.53883 159.98546 134.05986 113.38342
kudat 405.67010 122.18964 114.10131 64.75526 89.44477
kunak 440.68048 118.46889 146.91264 65.62101 127.71891
lahad datu 420.04155 115.15345 126.27130 60.35931 104.12834
papar 337.89101 159.91107 117.85179 135.40430 72.25226
penampang 392.66596 129.79771 121.03403 85.42392 82.10162
ranau 374.48934 134.47952 98.80784 86.26977 57.02627
sandakan 404.57138 108.47150 110.12190 54.77931 93.77955
semporna 359.77781 116.96282 80.24215 75.15331 40.10254
sipitang 422.41757 132.62557 136.15717 80.61919 106.99936
tawau 413.52649 112.73646 120.82715 65.56274 106.94207
tenom 432.94403 135.36014 144.23339 83.09463 113.64335
tuaran 425.94245 130.32955 139.50674 77.72714 107.80190
bau 390.55433 123.22659 114.10076 75.49735 76.13722
belaga 230.56089 246.28657 152.24852 235.56792 153.52998
betong 277.61656 124.59868 42.42404 124.84915 56.93194
bintulu 326.66785 130.92379 59.48613 101.49137 34.33611
dalat 363.11623 137.08690 92.38786 92.39636 47.82292
julau 335.70281 179.73038 132.44065 153.24781 85.48139
kanowit 365.25177 133.57501 121.12509 106.42276 84.33084
kapit 301.97893 169.01118 83.22647 142.96459 58.68018
kuching 305.87169 82.23562 40.97256 94.00874 82.96147
lawas 395.80769 136.29929 124.69484 92.25288 86.36657
limbang 360.94479 115.85024 79.13712 71.30217 42.92922
lubok antu 220.61391 225.89502 150.49377 222.56575 137.03678
lundu 297.13847 134.67311 56.39067 117.71798 32.18295
marudi 174.31751 301.13095 228.83591 304.70832 221.47909
matu 450.02479 148.32991 163.09731 94.28561 131.87963
miri 200.42330 177.46192 119.28760 198.04619 141.18243
mukah 395.19797 112.36612 113.39740 66.13555 83.69780
saratok 332.10391 149.28638 80.89424 114.42086 36.46586
sarikei 277.89703 162.14726 71.79898 151.08444 84.99659
serian 412.44101 113.58358 117.86189 54.38354 97.78452
sibu 254.99372 142.61483 128.22550 182.59068 168.48347
simunjan 426.26658 169.04771 174.50821 133.86232 136.10472
song 272.58161 203.89287 125.26091 186.43955 93.82344
sri aman 396.67570 176.00969 162.93050 142.19241 117.83362
tatau 389.77446 125.67611 104.68910 77.20990 78.27745
gombak 299.44669 167.27581 179.46733 213.60639 224.18114
kuala langat 254.79510 133.65298 120.27076 170.98441 151.78781
kuala selangor 296.54667 79.41180 39.58522 93.94401 71.19218
petaling 375.86329 68.66128 119.88285 95.96839 150.33294
sabak bernam 267.81925 184.60773 158.80537 209.40855 179.28857
sepang 292.69979 108.17521 116.57633 149.57534 151.57676
besut 330.00107 99.58780 82.91841 90.44406 68.91955
dungun 413.19966 107.44852 128.47839 64.30079 105.13446
hulu terengganu 254.88981 142.72979 55.36986 143.45656 67.71558
kemaman 335.87367 85.57089 45.24356 61.13010 37.56665
kuala terengganu 237.12678 175.72863 105.10999 182.71308 116.37324
marang 324.11776 85.45954 33.62282 72.50827 50.37631
setiu 399.44052 136.79581 128.51837 93.85431 92.00676
barat daya timur laut beaufort beluran keningau
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut 187.15842
beaufort 80.90896 266.15501
beluran 95.49589 246.47059 83.35630
keningau 51.91308 235.02107 45.43215 76.79117
kota belud 54.58858 215.74405 73.13819 53.79133 53.18381
kota kinabalu 12.33864 179.84052 87.58328 93.38677 56.91910
kinabatangan 64.99738 242.87483 44.87810 75.23788 34.80269
kota marudu 116.26782 258.86132 99.39983 27.08583 99.08134
kudat 65.27128 242.64793 47.79937 92.14524 43.62463
kunak 83.97506 261.24504 33.24564 101.97723 61.24329
lahad datu 65.74892 247.35752 32.34476 90.78080 36.38050
papar 98.01412 206.74365 125.91330 68.61596 109.91106
penampang 65.69276 233.45755 55.66519 47.41557 57.16604
ranau 61.22353 226.34892 70.54034 70.98185 53.21738
sandakan 47.83337 229.59306 47.90941 99.04120 34.15764
semporna 49.99685 207.36702 79.60974 72.00494 56.80079
sipitang 65.23197 251.45327 18.73137 79.20852 31.78178
tawau 53.19632 233.41253 51.88984 107.30674 34.74449
tenom 85.04658 267.21854 28.03382 81.42574 42.68486
tuaran 75.92184 258.25702 16.10173 70.27223 42.80874
bau 65.32075 232.85488 54.72651 52.00694 57.31013
belaga 204.71847 199.73751 259.24284 230.23916 227.14897
betong 99.88568 137.45563 166.63695 140.78330 131.95531
bintulu 71.13829 186.49822 120.83313 110.56361 89.76161
dalat 63.82002 219.51650 82.81865 74.74981 62.40024
julau 120.68246 220.99695 141.59081 81.11318 129.91560
kanowit 94.47318 218.04039 105.42098 61.04231 104.89278
kapit 110.25359 192.29875 156.04988 132.86833 126.90006
kuching 75.71071 116.79888 153.20204 151.20613 123.62353
lawas 60.87177 234.35243 52.57741 53.28873 47.73386
limbang 53.42071 208.93288 80.22339 78.12973 61.60665
lubok antu 193.03364 178.93850 244.58594 188.56518 221.16188
lundu 78.46941 157.98711 140.43840 111.18129 110.79706
marudi 275.66731 218.23474 328.62541 268.56282 305.08357
matu 98.93143 281.72028 20.52858 86.70875 64.11763
miri 175.36446 80.98231 246.98157 208.29154 218.87439
mukah 49.62245 225.56708 46.42719 63.39480 44.90028
saratok 81.32920 203.22790 117.79341 96.94490 92.05868
sarikei 114.76155 151.20957 181.04426 168.95102 144.86466
serian 68.15006 244.12621 45.50240 96.92872 49.34479
sibu 170.13997 41.22802 245.66643 228.91925 218.16140
simunjan 114.86927 267.43255 87.68385 69.59575 102.23701
song 149.93777 195.41618 193.10372 140.68927 169.46495
sri aman 121.70242 258.13090 108.49528 58.21475 115.61044
tatau 42.23306 224.51359 56.91882 88.00605 27.11381
gombak 208.81670 92.34932 280.11380 278.74252 255.11502
kuala langat 164.85187 77.09091 233.35563 206.19125 210.64749
kuala selangor 89.05355 124.96939 155.91685 137.99790 131.46380
petaling 104.98270 162.59538 157.59258 183.81367 140.22909
sabak bernam 174.64515 90.84159 247.32876 223.44476 218.73685
sepang 144.11914 85.15892 213.11880 200.06585 190.82642
besut 84.80318 172.20947 127.39809 96.40771 116.00678
dungun 60.81999 234.77325 42.49220 76.12501 50.19789
hulu terengganu 115.73780 127.43799 183.47872 151.89739 151.06943
kemaman 47.09363 171.55177 105.65024 99.22666 81.51055
kuala terengganu 140.08903 101.82326 214.21123 181.62607 180.81269
marang 45.75096 150.41295 120.36387 118.13782 91.44758
setiu 61.70492 235.33360 52.33847 57.00747 48.43013
kota belud kota kinabalu kinabatangan kota marudu kudat
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu 53.78020
kinabatangan 47.57508 67.78926
kota marudu 78.34145 114.21418 99.58034
kudat 58.08552 69.81293 19.03406 115.90472
kunak 89.57577 89.53091 57.95303 116.69291 55.44822
lahad datu 68.00518 70.78290 29.05896 111.51407 27.22974
papar 65.70653 94.88783 112.09269 75.53828 122.83207
penampang 37.35113 68.03067 55.64384 63.83110 65.30632
ranau 24.46728 63.01584 38.74525 96.32514 44.67830
sandakan 64.72912 54.71768 36.54425 121.21958 29.23574
semporna 20.80857 48.25860 45.63844 97.13392 51.43127
sipitang 62.66662 72.67640 42.08886 96.93162 45.97037
tawau 77.67062 60.89720 50.41182 128.18369 45.94398
tenom 71.58942 89.18351 31.00630 101.00034 38.51232
tuaran 62.26478 80.71391 37.32911 87.30818 44.64766
bau 33.28722 66.72777 45.77565 71.28777 54.48633
belaga 194.70085 200.05138 221.08822 249.72125 221.88487
betong 103.91800 90.80467 129.82564 161.36526 132.62989
bintulu 62.63373 67.48192 82.62675 135.50738 83.59461
dalat 26.43805 64.33191 50.03286 99.95222 55.43566
julau 82.02278 117.76190 126.92221 84.95804 137.23200
kanowit 65.63199 91.49056 99.14694 64.15117 108.18039
kapit 92.24989 106.78590 118.99788 155.29172 121.01413
kuching 111.59448 68.64647 129.19631 169.63815 127.15412
lawas 40.43227 65.39285 56.87701 69.83737 66.40672
limbang 28.29253 52.21769 45.78669 102.83516 48.57015
lubok antu 173.05418 186.22617 216.60728 195.69977 222.83552
lundu 72.28123 72.62086 110.85890 130.09831 114.72351
marudi 257.49184 268.65475 301.47815 272.08310 307.88425
matu 85.58696 104.77188 57.74484 99.09435 61.12826
miri 183.54856 166.93028 220.72885 218.04632 223.65340
mukah 43.28164 53.38087 48.25825 80.73109 54.66071
saratok 53.41915 79.11980 82.86928 120.51731 86.74238
sarikei 124.14791 110.80204 146.26272 191.45970 145.23267
serian 67.11885 72.42294 28.05896 118.99829 16.27397
sibu 201.61503 162.66455 226.43114 239.62332 226.38270
simunjan 94.79001 117.85596 110.03159 59.97113 120.26881
song 122.19508 145.05541 165.23624 151.73718 172.23529
sri aman 85.39090 121.92112 114.38980 47.25063 125.90163
tatau 47.57622 49.66549 37.81050 111.82803 38.11612
gombak 250.69227 203.41402 266.59941 289.51024 264.07968
kuala langat 184.83420 156.06918 213.60200 214.09959 215.29050
kuala selangor 105.42725 79.18032 128.77642 154.17717 129.55766
petaling 154.55399 103.46592 152.14508 198.28869 147.17727
sabak bernam 203.12510 169.80889 235.91155 229.54115 238.78787
sepang 176.52661 136.89277 198.75751 209.09899 198.95377
besut 78.78061 77.71532 110.79041 106.11717 115.55991
dungun 66.79844 64.82748 58.50708 89.37718 63.55026
hulu terengganu 116.62168 107.41787 148.97122 170.04459 151.68947
kemaman 55.99543 39.13472 75.29056 120.85533 75.91065
kuala terengganu 152.55264 134.27151 190.60476 193.96949 193.96696
marang 74.18087 38.20119 93.61708 138.84126 92.53231
setiu 47.27407 66.76306 61.24392 71.63403 70.31888
kunak lahad datu papar penampang ranau sandakan
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu 32.65869
papar 143.53414 129.48060
penampang 72.31745 64.09767 73.21030
ranau 88.49471 62.98074 84.34814 51.02868
sandakan 48.46350 23.82679 125.65997 67.65328 58.79362
semporna 91.41365 66.62917 79.30385 52.97517 21.39800 59.49440
sipitang 42.10504 32.54834 114.90957 48.45804 62.03647 39.24805
tawau 51.51706 32.84276 135.51234 78.22974 73.71077 19.62090
tenom 42.82483 26.61013 130.64737 65.24924 66.20764 47.66580
tuaran 36.06546 30.97785 115.28791 44.76919 62.63841 47.86061
bau 67.97355 57.19219 79.82222 18.50681 42.90716 62.00213
belaga 272.14006 243.54750 190.85549 228.88619 190.30650 229.37794
betong 170.83531 146.07313 115.71800 135.52590 108.74937 132.01696
bintulu 131.23705 102.98101 98.41400 97.71242 56.64645 89.50882
dalat 100.26272 74.44233 79.26766 58.32073 12.53662 68.31436
julau 160.43886 146.66932 27.17848 89.29614 96.73115 144.46405
kanowit 113.88272 109.73769 55.40965 53.54775 84.75934 111.72818
kapit 170.52718 142.45730 105.43676 127.00154 86.57229 130.32990
kuching 147.78822 131.84252 131.48020 129.86133 118.82330 113.67792
lawas 73.95446 63.53319 75.80376 20.84240 52.26242 64.11187
limbang 90.13611 66.08062 85.24587 56.13140 23.24048 59.07790
lubok antu 256.87009 237.77686 130.74353 194.32575 182.75429 228.38881
lundu 150.90966 128.47136 71.69066 100.75864 80.20004 114.79509
marudi 340.75544 322.48397 210.00227 277.02794 267.61864 312.89133
matu 37.01874 46.76281 134.63164 63.59308 83.49784 65.84433
miri 248.41079 232.69176 157.94426 202.78156 195.93069 218.46034
mukah 55.65555 47.95880 88.93054 24.45557 53.97309 48.79829
saratok 133.86398 107.07196 79.95188 87.89724 47.75855 97.40138
sarikei 189.60677 162.18813 138.24938 157.01220 121.26240 143.81906
serian 43.38804 20.36407 130.53746 68.40032 57.63489 28.10546
sibu 237.42001 227.58528 195.40486 214.40939 214.22644 211.44499
simunjan 103.55192 110.29469 94.48345 62.32488 109.77357 117.91524
song 210.33504 188.64075 85.74303 146.33322 129.12101 180.03911
sri aman 126.65297 125.14034 64.59100 64.26186 101.47197 131.17713
tatau 72.14879 45.25022 105.82915 60.20681 40.12972 31.31765
gombak 266.25128 260.93592 253.81226 259.28737 261.66717 244.28283
kuala langat 225.66546 217.46112 171.71780 195.43853 199.61342 204.95531
kuala selangor 150.52810 136.00400 117.35261 123.33673 115.89145 123.48470
petaling 138.38646 137.55971 186.01899 156.15088 161.49414 123.29531
sabak bernam 247.38649 237.96046 179.40269 211.59285 218.86131 221.41035
sepang 202.12308 196.76600 174.18770 183.34606 190.83991 182.94515
besut 126.63743 119.11733 76.79030 82.32878 95.99040 113.94187
dungun 40.71234 45.53400 110.05141 44.87735 76.11727 51.17658
hulu terengganu 189.17570 165.94888 113.91673 146.40616 122.77337 151.59919
kemaman 105.65320 85.93216 93.53593 78.28947 62.31132 73.63160
kuala terengganu 221.81966 202.73875 128.59641 173.90586 163.57041 185.67219
marang 119.50726 100.33304 103.60906 95.33335 80.36758 83.11599
setiu 73.11087 64.85699 79.58712 25.92697 59.13610 65.28601
semporna sipitang tawau tenom tuaran bau
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang 69.60647
tawau 74.61467 41.92122
tenom 74.83431 36.36192 53.59521
tuaran 69.64722 22.98485 55.32645 25.71237
bau 44.13235 50.31544 76.00157 59.36444 41.90655
belaga 184.12102 247.38831 239.70146 250.98736 251.88803 223.80825
betong 91.57601 153.99312 141.55314 158.89220 156.77870 129.96572
bintulu 46.75682 109.30521 101.72314 113.22234 113.23420 90.48348
dalat 20.47628 73.48145 82.86588 78.22903 74.69144 51.06503
julau 94.29033 132.75941 156.09502 145.48549 130.80372 93.70190
kanowit 77.79904 100.04891 124.04286 112.25052 92.61231 55.64521
kapit 81.72080 144.88203 142.45198 148.88134 148.43238 121.28682
kuching 100.08278 139.57528 119.06833 153.10271 146.20678 126.49280
lawas 56.74359 40.49364 70.90362 64.88058 45.77159 33.89280
limbang 10.23285 71.68172 75.85197 75.42412 70.53086 44.91181
lubok antu 172.41111 233.24319 240.69392 243.46483 233.19071 193.63703
lundu 66.24391 126.60270 125.55208 139.38808 131.27013 98.89453
marudi 257.38551 317.13755 324.66237 327.93961 317.12209 277.21737
matu 93.16922 38.35315 70.57562 35.49770 25.63985 61.88947
miri 178.09718 233.42934 227.16378 247.37833 236.40715 201.86306
mukah 52.26255 36.40008 58.33934 57.35688 36.88883 26.48927
saratok 44.78213 107.17787 110.77344 112.16763 109.64044 82.09404
sarikei 111.10621 166.77738 151.04875 175.59035 175.28168 153.08134
serian 60.95684 46.83649 44.24037 37.64272 42.40828 57.13464
sibu 194.42719 231.99453 214.78277 248.08022 237.58516 214.01639
simunjan 113.32011 85.22754 121.59148 105.05707 82.56441 76.43886
song 123.24933 181.75585 192.04803 191.53423 183.01211 146.20007
sri aman 103.99084 105.24930 140.30297 119.00992 98.97563 73.98390
tatau 45.03439 42.45312 38.85793 57.33673 55.61541 58.08670
gombak 242.78305 267.19719 243.68593 284.01656 274.60817 259.23648
kuala langat 179.30750 221.63888 211.88952 235.39743 222.93421 194.00485
kuala selangor 95.01749 145.03645 133.68114 153.63682 145.26703 117.52552
petaling 146.80852 147.72494 119.60814 162.02391 155.23143 154.60177
sabak bernam 202.87935 230.89193 221.49812 255.18712 241.00909 217.71579
sepang 171.05453 200.89436 186.34686 217.29353 204.89212 183.18743
besut 79.22697 119.09064 126.55801 130.77904 114.82639 79.12622
dungun 74.14519 36.68802 54.74630 56.06437 36.06753 47.41503
hulu terengganu 106.53368 170.38784 161.87938 178.47560 173.48267 142.15483
kemaman 41.95830 94.97227 86.97064 102.39374 95.65507 70.07809
kuala terengganu 149.25881 197.72605 190.83991 216.60849 206.46154 176.66854
marang 61.73190 107.01132 92.11887 119.61891 112.63309 90.71741
setiu 63.05647 39.58706 70.16658 66.72571 46.88822 39.86399
belaga betong bintulu dalat julau kanowit
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong 124.85875
bintulu 141.25650 59.79480
dalat 178.29426 99.58845 47.10890
julau 188.59805 128.03410 110.34688 90.74293
kanowit 225.55190 132.88976 113.21030 85.53042 64.80486
kapit 103.78634 67.49350 43.62687 74.50837 109.03726 133.26149
kuching 180.86421 69.18257 89.11355 115.00990 151.09345 132.12155
lawas 228.95066 137.83393 98.07194 59.60905 94.39556 68.10434
limbang 184.75187 93.54729 47.69112 23.19644 98.58107 79.63140
lubok antu 130.54794 129.68599 154.56453 171.60077 120.58122 162.93161
lundu 138.31919 51.88951 48.58525 70.00199 84.67084 97.36743
marudi 176.20367 206.45864 237.78071 256.42218 197.90865 241.54244
matu 273.63278 181.70443 136.16310 95.80868 147.98493 108.66674
miri 160.78775 110.38317 158.68079 186.91353 164.26201 175.12324
mukah 232.97557 132.55487 96.07113 62.67473 107.95961 67.31654
saratok 143.48282 77.81865 29.60799 35.32255 87.43303 100.69912
sarikei 98.90354 56.20864 67.48869 111.36988 149.26895 165.23748
serian 233.85937 139.52549 94.68256 68.39113 145.55650 109.51826
sibu 222.28440 137.76810 182.19211 209.19057 211.76791 197.93743
simunjan 277.45615 187.00969 155.58912 116.21315 106.98788 74.33596
song 120.18504 104.91673 107.39455 117.63201 75.78600 127.54322
sri aman 249.30079 169.77094 141.42737 103.91904 67.37101 50.38126
tatau 208.73297 119.78642 71.87953 47.64420 124.43641 105.24033
gombak 280.89003 195.52425 233.49849 258.85558 273.08633 250.31795
kuala langat 218.74223 129.54930 172.94625 194.40402 184.23619 168.12503
kuala selangor 178.31314 62.53189 89.61419 111.15603 132.58416 110.86711
petaling 264.09079 150.57922 155.11788 164.26732 209.36475 169.00377
sabak bernam 232.93947 161.33870 194.91516 213.61060 196.74423 196.76798
sepang 237.56356 134.78977 169.43639 187.89953 192.25393 166.58467
besut 205.48759 100.67530 99.95637 93.77197 89.83018 51.63567
dungun 255.22316 149.60330 116.49681 85.79500 129.96867 83.12423
hulu terengganu 112.47365 29.07514 75.54131 112.40204 122.72202 136.00971
kemaman 179.74380 69.33963 51.52180 59.56629 110.46533 85.98890
kuala terengganu 142.87062 92.39767 126.94051 154.36063 140.51654 161.27192
marang 175.21101 62.91402 57.83852 76.76800 122.91545 103.67250
setiu 234.46183 142.20609 103.64408 66.54075 99.01133 71.60202
kapit kuching lawas limbang lubok antu lundu
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching 116.79804
lawas 127.40449 130.61188
limbang 82.74190 100.71643 61.74718
lubok antu 128.39960 172.66903 199.53982 174.51174
lundu 55.71775 79.17871 101.70580 69.66748 117.64823
marudi 208.44794 247.01833 282.06589 259.51930 85.05776 200.68595
matu 170.01427 169.34377 64.47985 92.98926 254.58476 155.11778
miri 152.90019 120.79561 206.91833 179.78620 101.45829 119.70878
mukah 131.27088 117.38378 27.36154 54.60907 205.21223 102.96311
saratok 39.93264 110.44847 88.88918 46.78044 144.37245 49.26656
sarikei 59.86500 92.13029 154.06815 112.71870 145.30626 70.13511
serian 133.64087 128.00801 71.41557 57.47160 231.44838 123.53782
sibu 195.90082 102.29645 216.39498 195.80647 188.83821 154.14727
simunjan 179.64305 175.96744 62.31780 117.37910 222.38090 147.78175
song 79.54345 151.59749 148.99606 126.40623 63.73175 77.33878
sri aman 156.49637 173.21052 71.40193 107.63820 184.82542 128.26412
tatau 108.65246 112.36508 51.41337 48.15668 208.99737 95.86180
gombak 253.46587 145.65803 259.59481 243.65373 259.93941 213.08134
kuala langat 185.03767 105.38332 201.51931 180.04246 161.46014 140.73609
kuala selangor 112.88008 44.31573 130.14897 94.58120 149.91607 73.31579
petaling 192.71041 86.21434 155.24020 146.77930 253.24781 155.39128
sabak bernam 203.65152 132.39054 208.12722 207.26102 183.95296 156.71643
sepang 190.76366 87.06807 186.74792 172.11813 193.92795 143.17762
besut 122.52124 91.35958 94.38696 79.33251 147.64233 77.89429
dungun 154.18131 126.54425 45.53382 76.05634 227.26989 124.53206
hulu terengganu 70.00164 80.28369 149.18015 108.25422 104.39935 50.85288
kemaman 88.51644 62.97460 84.02732 40.88984 164.76921 58.02356
kuala terengganu 121.01886 102.53873 171.34419 153.45780 111.07142 86.86461
marang 92.35678 38.58998 96.69281 62.39386 165.61650 56.14040
setiu 133.44654 132.14120 7.78859 68.15034 204.29076 106.22764
marudi matu miri mukah saratok sarikei
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching
lawas
limbang
lubok antu
lundu
marudi
matu 338.13235
miri 145.25231 260.10527
mukah 288.44998 58.69339 202.82514
saratok 228.42475 131.11980 165.48366 93.28557
sarikei 217.52685 198.50512 134.05275 153.64496 84.58884
serian 316.32195 56.77424 227.65490 54.40138 99.55713 155.31282
sibu 235.63620 259.95208 92.04297 204.83271 198.92786 161.07805
simunjan 298.39449 86.14013 234.86852 74.00628 142.16302 209.01617
song 143.43961 203.70038 130.62338 159.01662 90.18990 113.63636
sri aman 259.60560 107.78644 212.66688 85.09641 122.18668 194.34910
tatau 293.29544 76.24682 207.60657 49.21378 75.08450 126.04892
gombak 304.02008 294.45019 162.43481 244.98349 253.77480 212.28587
kuala langat 210.09764 244.83212 74.01452 189.64134 184.80774 165.32364
kuala selangor 224.97111 168.52651 106.22445 115.92501 105.15254 105.78946
petaling 325.91639 171.13386 191.41925 135.04807 175.63763 169.87581
sabak bernam 225.77088 262.53936 110.80032 206.01723 203.79918 172.61693
sepang 250.33391 225.68080 109.90028 172.54408 184.71161 165.74072
besut 225.93742 135.20899 135.02075 83.27011 99.09851 140.16453
dungun 309.76103 52.42277 218.16332 25.54397 116.90227 172.18908
hulu terengganu 179.95053 198.05617 88.04494 146.21483 86.29275 59.47863
kemaman 247.77363 119.41657 149.20762 70.16058 65.11886 99.68287
kuala terengganu 169.75659 230.36508 72.41648 173.61162 132.63869 94.69720
marang 246.37229 136.39971 137.39435 84.60816 76.55994 86.72382
setiu 286.36801 64.41554 209.62515 28.80167 95.38684 158.06230
serian sibu simunjan song sri aman tatau
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching
lawas
limbang
lubok antu
lundu
marudi
matu
miri
mukah
saratok
sarikei
serian
sibu 225.52796
simunjan 120.49944 244.82647
song 183.24599 200.30584 178.68893
sri aman 129.38747 239.54264 47.61219 142.62750
tatau 48.50308 210.44028 112.44769 156.67867 119.91160
gombak 260.50924 71.75823 286.70381 267.81364 290.93577 249.15549
kuala langat 214.00956 52.11640 223.59909 178.11548 211.91597 204.07613
kuala selangor 129.77436 108.16885 169.08142 135.12044 157.62943 122.64962
petaling 139.80918 133.68754 188.59770 230.37206 205.21316 138.71746
sabak bernam 240.81217 85.41973 226.77259 190.42595 224.19903 212.19174
sepang 195.84478 46.01485 210.16773 197.00347 208.94504 185.89930
besut 115.24054 151.15957 117.20085 124.47342 100.88281 111.47539
dungun 57.72713 210.83430 75.89503 182.99153 98.22748 62.45063
hulu terengganu 159.01912 132.18616 193.95990 88.05027 172.31513 137.18469
kemaman 78.80249 156.55881 134.26891 128.27070 126.09657 70.27950
kuala terengganu 201.03126 113.26013 205.42809 108.51506 189.17185 168.11932
marang 95.50128 136.79746 147.13446 132.63620 142.42381 78.27499
setiu 74.40593 216.71284 59.18234 154.30809 73.20045 53.90452
gombak kuala langat kuala selangor petaling sabak bernam
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching
lawas
limbang
lubok antu
lundu
marudi
matu
miri
mukah
saratok
sarikei
serian
sibu
simunjan
song
sri aman
tatau
gombak
kuala langat 114.31224
kuala selangor 162.33952 89.75157
petaling 136.24071 146.37487 111.64824
sabak bernam 123.06799 105.81050 145.35920 164.34091
sepang 86.74377 49.21159 88.50720 103.51138 96.67886
besut 205.03826 120.62568 62.95757 137.16621 165.28191
dungun 244.97468 197.39039 127.48481 127.46729 213.26403
hulu terengganu 195.50703 120.85616 69.52608 165.73391 151.16991
kemaman 204.44984 142.22769 55.23244 117.44745 176.86447
kuala terengganu 175.12465 115.83862 108.70345 175.98756 92.98180
marang 182.82977 130.31839 49.12650 102.57419 155.77287
setiu 258.50947 202.75424 133.15936 153.28301 206.78123
sepang besut dungun hulu terengganu kemaman
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching
lawas
limbang
lubok antu
lundu
marudi
matu
miri
mukah
saratok
sarikei
serian
sibu
simunjan
song
sri aman
tatau
gombak
kuala langat
kuala selangor
petaling
sabak bernam
sepang
besut 120.90029
dungun 175.52268 97.18774
hulu terengganu 133.85488 102.89911 165.09584
kemaman 133.23412 60.25485 86.11067 85.11330
kuala terengganu 125.03449 132.28920 190.20046 74.01743 129.92238
marang 116.87380 72.36139 98.21829 77.70957 27.87853
setiu 186.49125 97.59022 43.21109 153.59977 88.25915
kuala terengganu marang
klang
batu pahat
kluang
kota tinggi
kulaijaya
mersing
muar
pontian
segamat
baling
bandar baharu
kota setar
kuala muda
kubang pasu
kulim
langkawi
padang terap
pendang
sik
yan
bachok
gua musang
jeli
kota bharu
kuala krai
machang
pasir mas
pasir puteh
tanah merah
tumpat
alor gajah
jasin
melaka tengah
jelebu
jempol
kuala pilah
port dickson
rembau
seremban
tampin
bentong
bera
cameron highlands
jerantut
lipis
kuantan
maran
pekan
raub
rompin
temerloh
hilir perak
kampar
kerian
kuala kangsar
perak tengah
barat daya
timur laut
beaufort
beluran
keningau
kota belud
kota kinabalu
kinabatangan
kota marudu
kudat
kunak
lahad datu
papar
penampang
ranau
sandakan
semporna
sipitang
tawau
tenom
tuaran
bau
belaga
betong
bintulu
dalat
julau
kanowit
kapit
kuching
lawas
limbang
lubok antu
lundu
marudi
matu
miri
mukah
saratok
sarikei
serian
sibu
simunjan
song
sri aman
tatau
gombak
kuala langat
kuala selangor
petaling
sabak bernam
sepang
besut
dungun
hulu terengganu
kemaman
kuala terengganu
marang 112.43940
setiu 173.12838 99.43623Next, I used hclust(), also from the stats package to derive the dendrogram. rect.hclust() was also used to highlight the clusters.
hclust_ward <- hclust(proxmat, method = 'ward.D')
plot(hclust_ward, cex = 0.6)
rect.hclust(hclust_ward,
k = 4,
border = 2:5)
I also used the sample code below to derive an interactive heatmap of the clusters.
rate_crime_data.std <- rate_crime_data.std %>% drop_na()
heatmaply(rate_crime_data.std,
Colv=NA,
dist_method = "euclidean",
hclust_method = "ward.D",
seriate = "OLO",
colors = Purples,
k_row = 6,
margins = c(NA,200,60,NA),
fontsize_row = 4,
fontsize_col = 5,
main="Geographic Segmentation of Malaysia by Crime Type",
xlab = "Crime Type",
ylab = "Districts"
)